2023届高考英语定语从句（通用3篇）
2023届高考英语定语从句 第1篇
语法复习四：定语从句
（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、关系副词：when, where, why
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. she is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
the comrade with whom i came knows french.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. i was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g. there is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
the first place that they visited in guilin was elephant trunk hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
this is the best film that i have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
mr smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. he had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
this is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
e.g. i want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as i expect 等。
e.g. as i expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g. he made a long speech, as we expected.
he made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g. tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。
e.g. the man who lives downstairs speaks english fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
e.g. there is an expression in his eyes that i can’t understand.
4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。
e.g. october 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the people’s republic of china was founded.
5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. the sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. the man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
练习、定语从句
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. the fan is on the desk. you want it.
2. the man is in the next room. he brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. the magazine is mine. he has taken it away.
4. the students will not pass the exam . they don’t study hard.
5. the woman is our geography teacher. you saw her in the park.
6. the letter is from my sister. i received it yesterday.
7. the play was wonderful. we saw it last night.
8. the train was late. it was going to nanning.
9. the boy is my brother. he was here a minute ago.
10. the tree is quite tall. he is climbing it.
11. here is the girl. her brother works in this shop.
12. that’s the child. we were looking at his drawing just now.
13. this is the boy. his sister is a famous singer.
14. i want to talk to the boys. their homework haven’t been handed in.
15. is that the woman? her daughter is in my class.
16. he used to live in a big house. in front of it grew many banana trees.
17. they passed a factory. at the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. the soldier ran to the building. on the top of it flew a flag.
19. in the evening they arrived at a hill. at the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. she came into a big room. in the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:
1. the person ________ ________ i spoke just now is the manager that i told you about.
2. the pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. wu dong, ________ ________ i went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. the two things ________ ________ marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of english.
5. her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. the stories about the long march, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、选择填空：
1. the man ____ visited our school yesterday is from london.
a. whob. whichc. whomd. when
2. the woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
a. whoseb. whoc. whomd. which
3. because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
a. thatb. whichc. whatd. as
4. do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
a. whenb. where c. whichd. who
5. tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
a. whichb. thatc. whomd. as
6. those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
a. whomb. whichc. whod. when
7. where is the man ____ i met this morning?
a. whenb. wherec. whichd. who
8. who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
a. whob. /c. thatd. when
9. the man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
a. whob. whomc. to whomd. to who
10. the man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.
a. with whomb. whenc. to whomd. which
11. the doctor ____ is leaving for africa next month.
a. the nurse is talking to himb. whom the nurse is talking
c. the nurse is talking tod. who the nurse is talking
12. the man ____ around our school is from america.
a. which you showedb. you showed himc. you showedd. where you showed
13. he talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
a. of whomb. from whomc. about thatd. who
14. in fact the swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in french.
a. whereb. whoc. in whichd. which
15. have you read the book ____ i lent to you?
a. thatb. whomc. whend. whose
16. finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
a. that b. which c. whateverd. all
17. the foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
a. most of themb. most of thatc. most of whomd. most of those
18. this is the very letter ____came last night.
a. whob. whichc. thatd. as
19. i know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than i.
a. whoeverb. whomeverc. anyoned. the one
20. this is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
a. whereb. /c. whend. what
21. this is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
a. whereb. thatc. whichd. on which
22. nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
a. whichb. in whichc. thatd. /
23. jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
a. that, whatb. what, thatc. which, whatd. that, which
24. do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
a. thatb. whichc. itsd. whose
25. in the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help.
a. whomb. whoc. to whomd. form whom
26. is this school ____ we visited three years ago?
a. the oneb. whichc. thatd. where
27. is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
a. the oneb. wherec. in whichd. /
28, how many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
a. whoseb. who c. whomd. which
29. alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
a. itb. whichc. thatd. he
30. the train was crowded and i had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
a. when there wereb. which there werec. that there wered. where there were
31. i live in the house ____ windows face south.
a. whichb. whosec. whered. in that
32. ---- what game is popular with them?---- the ____ most is tennis.
a. game they like itb. game they likec. best game they liked. best game they like it
33. they stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine i had.
a. whichb. which timec. during which timed. during which
34. the room ____ mr white lives is not very large.
a. thatb. whichc. whered. when
35. don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the youth league.
a. whenb. thatc. at whichd. where
36. i’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
a. thatb. whatc. whichd. when
37. he returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
a. whichb. asc. thatd. it
38. ____ we is known to all, english is not very difficult to learn.
a. whatb. as c. thatd. which
39. the old man had three sons, all of ____ died during world war ⅱ.
a. whoseb. thatc. whomd. who
40. i have bought two pens, ____ write well.
a. none of whichb. neither of whichc. both of whichd. all of which
41. do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
a. whyb. whichc. for thatd. of which
42. he failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.
a. whichb. whatc. itd. that
43. during the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
a. followingb. followedc. to followd. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
a. itb. whichc. asd. that
45. he studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
a. that was whatb. what was thatc. and which wasd. which was what
46. we should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
a. whenb. asc. whosed. what
47. you must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
a. whenb. asc. whosed. what
48. he is absent ____ is often the case.
a. whatb. whichc. whod. as
49. it is the first time ____ i have come to your city.
a. thatb. whichc. whatd. when
50. who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
a. whob. thatc. whomd. which
51. i shall never forget those years ____ i lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
a. that, whichb. when, whichc. which, thatd. when, who
52. this is the only book ____ i can find.
a. thatb. whichc. itd. with which
53. i don’t like ____ you speak to her.
a. the wayb. the way in thatc. the way whichd. the way of which
54. that is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
a. isb. arec. has d. have
55. this is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
a. isb. arec. has d. have
56. there was ____ to prevent the accident.
a. something could dob. anything we could do
c. nothing we couldn’t dod. nothing we could do
参考答案
语法复习四：定语从句
一、1. the fan that you want is on the desk. 2. the man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. the magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. the students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 5. the woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. the letter i received yesterday is from my sister. 7. the play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. the train which was going to nanning was late. 9. the boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. the tree he is climbing is quite tall. 11. here is the girl whose brother works in this shop. 12. that’s the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. this is the boy whose sister is a favous singer. 14. i want to talk to the boy whose homework hasn’t been handed in. 15. is that the woman whose daughter is in my class? 16. he used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees. 17. they passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields. 18. the soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 19. in the evening they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple. 20. she came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.
二、1. to whom; 2. wiht which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5. in which; 6. of which
三、1~5 abacd 6~10 cdcca 11~15 ccada 16~20 accab 21~25 abbdc
26~30 adabd 31~35 bbdca 36~40 cabcc 41~45 aadcd 46~50 bbdab
2023届高考英语定语从句 第2篇
定语从句用法归结
一、何谓定语？
所谓定语，就是对名词或代词起修饰、说明、限制作用的成分。英语中主要有单词、短语、句子作定语。
eg:1、she is a beautiful girl.(单词)
2、there are only 200computers connected to the internet.(短语)
3、there is a man lying outside the door. (短语)
4、she is a girl whom i love.(句子)
注意：单个词作定语放在所修饰词的前面，短语或者句子作定语放在所修饰词的后面。
二、何谓定语从句?
像4中用一个句子作主句某一名词或代词的定语时，我们称该句子为定语从句。即定语从句在主句中作定语，该从句修饰主句中的一个名词或代词。
其中被修饰的词（名词、词组、代词）称作先行词，定语从句一般出现在主句中先行词的后面。定语从句通常由一个引导词引导，引导词常放在先行词和定语从句之间。
eg:he is the man who wants to see you .
该句中he is the man是主句，who wants to see you为定语从句，the man为先行词。who为引导词，定语从句修饰主句中的先行词the man。
三、引导词的分类
引导词引导定语从句，主要分为:关系代词who,whom,whose,that ,which等和关系副词when,where,why.等。
四、定语从句的分类
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物，该种从句是不能去掉的，否则剩下的部分就没有了意义，不能说清楚问题。
eg:he is the man who wants to see you .
该从句为限制性定语从句，把定语从句去掉只剩下he is the man,没有任何意义。后面的定语从句是修饰限制前面的先行词的，使其具有一定的意义，故不能去掉。
非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明、解释，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后其它部分（主句）仍然成立，仍然有意义。而且非限制性定语从句与主句之间有个明显标志：即用逗号将其隔开。
eg:mr smith ,who was my first english teacher,retired last week.
该句中的非限制性定语从句，去掉之后不影响主句的意义成立，但有了它，可使主句的意义更加清晰明白。
五、定语从句中关系代词用法归结：
在限制性定语从句，
（1）、指人且作主语时用who/that
eg: he is the man who wants to see you.
(2）、指人且作宾语时用whom/that/省略
eg: he is the man whom/ that isaw yesterday.
(3）、指人且位于介词后用whom，
eg:this is tha man to whom i referred just now .
(4）、指物用that/which.
eg:this is the question which/that we have had so much discussion.about.
(5)、指物且位于介词后用which.
eg:this is the question about which/ we have had so much discussion.
(6)、指人或物且作定语时用whose
eg:he is a boy whose name is tom.
在非限制性定语从句，
（1）、指人且作主语时用who
eg: mr smith ,who was my first english teacher,retired last week
(2）、指人且作宾语时用whom
mary,whom i love,promoted last week.
(3）、指物用which
eg:the house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful.
(4）that永远不能引导非限制性定语从句
eg:the house,that we bought last year,is very beautiful.(x)
六、定语从句中引导词如何使用？
使用原则：判断定语从句中的引导词使用关系代词还是关系副词，主要看定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则使用关系代词，如果定语从句中缺少状语（时间、地点、原因），则使用关系副词。
eg:1、i will never forget the days when we stayed together.
2、i will never forget the days that\which we spent together.
分析：在1中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少时间状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词when.,在2中，定语从句中缺少spent的宾语the days，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。
eg:3、can you think of a situation where this word can be used?
4、can you think of a situation which is similar to this one?
分析：在3中，定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，明显缺少地点状语，故使用了引导词为关系副词where,在4中，定语从句中缺少主语，而且同时又指物，故使用引导词为关系代词that/which.。
七、在定语从句中只使用which的情况归结：
1、在非限制性定语从句中且指物时，
eg:the house,which we bought last year,is very beautiful
2、在介词后且指物时。
eg this is the village in which i was born.
3、先行词本身为that时，
eg：the clock is that which tells the time.
八、在定语从句中只使用that的情况归结：
1、先行词为序数词（含last）或数词或最高级时或者被这些词修饰时。
eg：the first thing that we should do is to work out a plan,
look at these flowers,you can see the two that you gave me.
2、先行词为all 、everything、 nothing、 much、 little、 anything、 none 、few、 the one 、only 、any、 no、 one of 等或者被这些词修饰时，
eg:the good man was trying to teach us all that he hnew in this lesson.
3、先行词既有人又有物时，
eg；they talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they rememberedin school.
4、先行词分别被the very ,the only 等修饰时，
eg:he was the very person that i was looking for all these days.
5、在含有疑问代词which或who的疑问句中，
eg:who is tha man that you are talking about?
九、as 和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别归纳总结：
主要遵循以下原则;
1、as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中、句尾，而which只能放在句中、句尾。即which在引导非限制性定语从句时不能放在句首。
2、as引导的非限制性定语从句时常用来指代主句的全部内容，而which指代主句的全部内容或部分内容。
3、as引导的非限制性定语从句时常译为”正如”“正像，而 which则常译为“这”。
4、若主句、从句的句意不一致或者从句对主句内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，常用which，而句意一致时，则用as.
eg as is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
tom was admitted into the college, as we had expected.
the earth, as is known to all,is round.
i gave him a new year card, which he enjoyed very much.
she was married again, which was not expected.
she was late again, as was expected..
the meeting was a success, as we expected
as is often the case ,he was late for school.
2023届高考英语定语从句 第3篇
XX年高三年级一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分：定语从句（新人教版）
1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。
例如：harry potter is the most interesting novel that i have read. (that i have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。)
关系词指代人或物以及在定语从句中充当的成分
关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分
关系
代词that[ ]人或物[ ]主语、宾语、[ ][ ]
表语或状语
which物或主句内容主语、宾语或定语
who人主语或宾语
whom人宾语
whose人或物定语
as人或物或主句内容主语或宾语
关系
副词when时间状语
where地点状语
why原因状语
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
his brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
his brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
一、关系代词的使用
【例句观察】
①she is the woman (whom / that / who)i wanted to see yesterday.
她是我昨天想看的那个女的。
②the package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你扛着的包裹马上要拆开。
③obama won the nobel prize for peace in the year , which we hadn't expected.
obama在XX年得诺贝尔和平奖是大家都没想到的。
④your parents are the ones to whom you can turn when you are in trouble.
你父母是你困难时可以求助的人。
【例句分析】
①whom / that / who指人，在限制性定语从句中作wanted to see的宾语，可以省略。
②which / that指物，在限制性定语从句中作are carrying的宾语，可以省略。
③which指前面主句内容，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，但不能省略。
④whom前有介词to，虽然作宾语，但不能省略。
【结论1】关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省。
【完成例句】
(1)我，你的好朋友，当你陷入困境的时候会帮你的。
i, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
(2) 《哈利•波特》是最受青少年欢迎的畅销书之一。
harry potter is one of the best－sellers that are popular with teenagers.
《哈利•波特》是唯一一本让作者成为亿万富翁的畅销书。harry potter is the only one of the best－sellers that makes the author a billionaire.
(3)他通过了考试，这使我们很惊讶。
he has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.
众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。
great changes have taken place in china, as is known to all.
(4)每家有台电视,30年前我们认为是不可能的，现在实现了。
to own a tv set in each family, which we think was impossible 30 years ago, now has become true.
【结论2】定语从句中的主谓一致问题
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(2) one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 复数动词；而the only one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 单数动词。
(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。
【完成例句】
(5)所有能做的都做了。
all that can be done has been done.
(6)这就是我想要买的电影。
this is the very dictionary that i want to buy.
(7)他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
the first place that they visited in london was the big ben.
(8)站在那儿的是谁？
who is the man that is standing there?
(9) they have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.
他们创立了一家环保公司。
(10)杭州不再是过去的杭州了。
hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.
【结论3】指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：
①当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词时，只用that。
②当先行词被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修饰时，只用that。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。
④当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that。
⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。
⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that。
【完成例句】
(11)那棵四百年的老树很有名。
the tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
(12)我们自给自足。
we depend on the land from which we get our food.
(13)这本书是关于我们要去参观的那座有名的建筑吗？
is this the book that refers to the famous building which we will go to visit?
【结论4】只能用 which的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。
②介词后只用which，且不能省略。
③有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。
【完成例句】
(14)有人愿意帮助受伤的人吗？
is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?
(15)这就是那位帮助在事故中受伤的人的医生吗？
is this the doctor that helped the people who were injured in the accident?
【结论5】指人时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况：
①当先行词是anyone, those时，只用who。
②有两个定语从句皆指人时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。
【完成例句】
(16)那个门破了的教室在二楼。
the classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 【结论6】whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose ＋ 名词＝ of which ＋名词 ＝ 名词＋ of which。
【完成例句】
(17)我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。
① as we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
太阳照射地球，这对我们是很重要的。
②the sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
(18)①她和她妹妹穿一样的衣服。
she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
②这不是我们想到的那所房子。
this house is not such as i expect.
(19)就像我们指出的那样，这种物质是有毒的。
as was pointed out, this kind of substance is poisonous.
【结论7】关系代词as和which
在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于：
①as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以在插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”。
②as常用于以下固定搭配中：the same＋名词＋as “和……同样的”，such＋名词＋as“像……一样的，像……之类的”，…such as…“这样的人 / 物”。(such为代词，作先行词； as在从句中作宾语)
③在以下结构中，一般也用as:
as (it)appears, as (it)seems, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out / said / reported / announced, as (it)was said earlier, as i remember (it), as is well－known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。
【完成例句】
(20)这就是我一直在找的书。
this is the book which / that / 不填i am looking for.
(21)他深爱对他慈爱的父母。
he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
＝he loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
(22)我没有足够的钱去买那条昂贵的裙子。
i don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.
(23)从1998年到XX年mike在这所大学学习，在此期间，他学习很努力并当选为学生会主席。
mike studied at the university from 1998 to , during which time he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students' union.
【结论8】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。
①某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。
②“介词＋关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后。
③介词＋which / whom＋to do结构。这种结构可以改为：介词＋which / whom＋定语从句。
④在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词＋which ＋名词”结构，相当于and in / at / during this / that＋名词。
二、关系副词的使用
【完成例句】
(24)我仍然记得我们第一次上学的那天。
i still remember the day when / on which we first came to the school.
(25)十年前我住的房子已经被推倒了。
the house where / in which i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
(26)我不知道他今天看起来不高兴的原因。
i don't know the reason why / for which he looks unhappy today.
【结论1】关系副词的分类和作用
①when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when＝表示时间的介词(in / at / on / during…)＋which。
②where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where＝表示地点的介词(in / at / on / under…)＋which。
③why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语， why＝表示原因的介词(for)＋which。
【翻译句子】
(27)他回答这个问题的方式是令人惊讶的。
the way in which / that / 不填he answered the question was surprising.
(28) the way which / that he explained to us was quite simple.
【结论2】在以the way为先行词的定语从句中，若the way 在从句中充当状语，则通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。若the way 在从句中充当宾语，则通常由which或that引导。
【完成例句】
(29)中国是风筝的起源地，并从那里传播到日本、韩国、泰国和印度。
china is the birth place of kites, from where kites spread to japan, korea, thailand and india.
【结论3】有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where / when前加上介词to, from等。
【疑难】
there is one point that we must insist on.
有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为：we must insist on the point，所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that / which或省略。)
we're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。 (定语从句可还原为：at the point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where / at which。)
【疑难剖析】一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that / which，作状语用where / when / 介词＋which。
三、关系代 / 副词的选择技巧
【完成例句】
(30)我会记住我们一起度过的日子。
i will remember the days that / which / 省略 we spent together.
(根据把定语从句还原成we spent the days together，判断出the days作spent的宾语)
(31) 6月7日是我们开始高考的日子。
june 7 is the day when / on which we begin to take the college entrance examination.
(根据把定语从句还原成we begin to take the college entrance examination on the day，判断出on the day作状语。)
(32 )这是他工作过XX年的地方。
this is the place where / in which he worked for ten years.
(根据把定语从句还原成he worked in the place for ten years，判断出in the place作状语。)
【结论】
①用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它做什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。
②一般说来，作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词或介词＋which；作定语时，用whose。
四、定语从句和其他句型之间的关系
【例句观察】
he is such a good boy that everyone likes him. (不缺句子成分，that引导结果状语从句)
他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。
he is such a good boy as everyone likes. (likes缺宾语，用as充当并引导定语从句)
他是一个大家都喜欢的男孩。
the great white shark is so fierce a fish as eats most of the others. (as充当eats的主语，并引导定语从句)
大白鲨是大多数鱼都吃的一种凶狠的鱼。
【结论】区别such / so…as…引导的定语从句和such / so…that…引导的结果状语从句判断用that还是as, 只要看从句的结构是否完整即可。如果从句缺了主语或宾语就是定语从句；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句。
【疑难1】区别非限制性定语从句与并列句
— he wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.
— it's the same with his wife. she wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.
a. these; them b. which; which
c. those; which d. which; them
【疑难剖析1】此题应选 d。很容易误选a、b。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of…没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句，所以其后填which)，而后面一句的none of…前有一并列连词but (说明它与前面一句构成并列句，所以其后填them)。
【疑难2】区别定语从句与名词性从句
①as is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.
②it is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.
③that the moon travels around the earth is known to all.
④what is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.
【疑难剖析2】
①as引导非限制性定语从句；
②it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；
③that引导主语从句；
④what引导主语从句， that引导表语从句。
【疑难3】区别定语从句与地点状语从句
①when you read the book, you'd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.
②when you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have any questions.
③please put the book in the place where you got it.
④please put the book where you got it.
【疑难剖析3】①定语从句修饰place; ②地点状语从句；③定语从句修饰place；④地点状语从句。
【疑难4】区别定语从句与强调句、状语从句
①it was this small village (that / which) we got to know each other.
②it was in this small village that we got to know each other.
③it was 1914 when the war broke out.
④it was in 1914 that the war broke out.
⑤it was 1914, when the war broke out.
【疑难剖析4】①定语从句；②强调句；③时间状语从句；④强调句；⑤非限制性定语从句。
【疑难5】定语从句中含有插入语
①he made another wonderful discovery, which i think is of great importance to science.
②the chinese government has decided to develop the west of china, which, i dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life.
【疑难剖析5】①i think作插入语；②i dare say作插入语。
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