初二英语上册Units1-3 知识归纳（通用3篇）
初二英语上册Units1-3 知识归纳 第1篇
初二上册units 7—9 知识归纳
一、词语辨析：
1、win, beat
二者都有“打赢；取胜”之意，但宾语不同：
win后面所接的宾语一般是指一场比赛、一场辩论或一次战斗等等。如：
he came first and won the race.他跑在最前面，赢得了这场比赛。
beat后面所接的往往是比赛、辩论或战斗的对手，即宾语通常是人。如：
the girls' team beat us in the football match.在那场足球比赛中，女子队打败了我们。
i’m sure jim will win the match.
we won the first place in the sports meeting. 我们赢了第一名。
i’m afraid they will beat us.
i hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子队，相当于人。)
2、join, join in, take part in
1)加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，用join，不可用join in。如：
①he will never forget the day when he joined the party.
他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。
②his brother joined the army three years ago.
他哥哥是三年前参军的。
join还可解释为“连接”。如：
①the railway joined the two cities.
铁路把两个城市连接起来了。
②the two clauses are joined by a conjunction.
两个分句由一个连词连接起来。
2)说参加某种活动用join in，如说“与其人一起做某事”，则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如：
①may i join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？
②come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧！
③we are having supper now.would you like to join us?
我们正在吃晚饭，你也来和我们一起吃好吗？
join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如：
①come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。
②why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
3)take part in参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度.起一份作用。如：
①a great number of students took part in may 4 movement.
大批学生参加了五四运动。
②we are going to have an english evening. do you want to take part?
我们准备举办一个英语晚会，你想参加吗？
③how many of you are going to take part?
你们多少人准备参加？
④all the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
4) attend主要用于参加比较重要的场合与会议。
he did not attend the meeting yesterday.
昨天他没有参加会议。
中考题：
※the vips from 21 countries will ___the apec in shanghai this autumn.（XX年上海中考题）
a. hold b. take part in
c. join d. attend
解析：词汇的辨析使用很多是约定俗成，不能想当然，更不能按照中文意思去硬搬。hold是举行的意思，比如hold a meeting，hold a conference。但是这道题不是举行而是参加的意思，出席会议按照英文惯用法用attend a meeting，take part in 是指参加大型的活动，join是指参加党政，团体，组织，比如入党，join the party。所以这道题选择d
※the children planted more trees and flowers after they _______greener china. (XX年辽宁省中考题)
a.joinedb.took part inc.becamed.were
解析：本题考查join的用法，join为“参加某一个组织”；take part in为“参加某一活动”。故选a。
3、because, because of
because是连词，其后接句子；because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。如：
i didn’t buy it because it was too expensive. 我没有买是因为它太贵了。
he is here because of you （that）. 他为你（那事）而来这里。
he lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
we said nothing about it， because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。
he knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
注意：because of 之后可接 what 从句，但不能接 that 从句或没有引导词的句子。如：
他因生病没有来。
误：he didn’t come because of he was ill.
误：he didn’t come because of that he was ill.
正：he didn’t come because he was ill.
正：he didn’t come because of his illness.
比较以下同义句：
他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。
正：he left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting.
正：he left the company because of the thing that the boss said at the meeting.
我不能因为有个家就停止斗争。
正：i can’t stop fighting because i have a family.
正：i can’t stop fighting because of having a family.
二、被动语态
被动语态考点例析
a、考查要点：
主要考查一般现在时，一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。例如：
1. today chinese _____by more and more people around the world.
a. was spoken b. is spoken c. spoke d. speak
（北京市大纲卷）
2. -what should we do first if we want to develop our village？
-a lot of new roads _____，i think.
a. have to build b. must build c. have built d. must be built
（湖北黄冈）
（key：1. b 2. d）
简析：被动语态的句子是由助动词be＋动词的过去分词这一形式构成的。过去分词永远不变，所有的变化即人称、数、时态的变化，都体现在助动词be的变化上。
b、特殊情况：
（一）在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，by＋动作的执行者可以省略。
1. i won’t leave my office until my work .
a. finish b. will finish c. are finished d. is finished
（江苏南通）
简析：d.动作的执行者很明确，可以省略。
（二）不知道动作的执行者是谁，使用被动语态比较适宜。
2. dad， the phone is ringing. i guess either you or mum_____on the phone.
a. is wanted b. are wanted c. wants d. want
（江苏宿迁）
简析：a.不清楚动作的执行者，用被动语态。
（三）用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词。
3. students can’t take magazines out of the reading-room. （改为被动语态）
magazines can’t _____ the reading-room by students.
（重庆市）
简析：填be taken out of.take out of为短语动词，变为被动语态后，不要漏掉out of.
（四）带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常有两种方法：把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前通常加介词to或for；或把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变。
4. my uncle sent me a christmas present last year.（改为被动语态）
a christmas present _____ to me by my uncle last year.
（重庆市）
简析：填was sent.
c、补充说明：
（一）一般将来时的被动语态
1. the village is building a school. i hope it _____ before august this year.
a. finishes b. will finish c. is finished d. will be finished
（江西省大纲卷）
简析：d.一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will/shall＋be＋及物动词的过去分词。
（二）现在完成时的被动语态
2. china’s sports stars yao ming and liu xiang _____ goodwill ambassadors（亲善大使）for shanghai.
a. has been named b. have been named
c. has named d. have named
（江苏徐州）
简析：b.现在完成时的被动语态的结构为：have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词。
初二英语上册Units1-3 知识归纳 第2篇
初二上册units 4--6知识归纳
一、词语辨析：
1、arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物动词，后面要跟in或at。表示到达大城市或国家时要用in，而到达小城市、乡村、车站等小地方则用at。如:
we arrived in london last week. 我们上周到达伦敦。
the doctor arrived at the village at last. 医生终于到达了那个村子。
reach是"独行侠"，是及物动词，后面从来不跟介词，直接跟宾语(地点名词)就行了。如:
when did you reach the station? 你是什么时间到达车站的?
he reached nanjing at noon. 他是中午到达南京的。
get是不及物动词后面要接to再接地点名词，.当“到达”的地点是副词时，就不带它了。如:
ann got to the farm at six o‘clock. 安六点钟到达农场.
i got here early in the morning. 我一大早就到这儿了.
注意：如果不指明到达的地点就不能用get，而要用arrive.如:
when i arrived, they weren‘t there. 当我到达时,他们不在那儿.
2、sick, ill
（1）都可译为“生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语：
her mother was ill in bed. she feels ill today.
但sick既可作表语： her mother was sick / ill in bed. （作表语常是美国英语用法）
也可作定语（即后接名词）：jane is taking care of her sick mother.
(此处是定语，不可用ill. 原因见下文ill用法)
（2）若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的”。
the boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
3、other, another, the other
another与the other 和others 与the others都来源于other这个词。
其用法是:
another泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中没有确定的另一个；
another+数字+名词= 数字+more+名词；
the other则指已知的两个人或两事物中的另一个。(one…,the other….)
others或 other+ 名词，泛指“别的人或别的物”；
the others指“一定范围内的其余的人或物”。
注意:若强调确定数目中的“一(几)个”与其余的,用one...the others或“the other +复数名词”结构。
经典考例:
1) shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for ________ two weeks. (上海卷)
a. another b. other c. the other d. other’s
2) if you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay ________ $15.(nmet )
a. another b. other c. more d. each
3) one of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________ . (京、皖春季卷)
a. the other is white b. another white c. the other white d. another is white
4) sarah has read lots of stories by american writers. now she would like to read ________ stories by writers from ________ countries.(nmet ’97)
a. some; any b. other; some c. some; other d. other; other
5) -have you finished your report yet?
-no, i’ll finish in ________ ten minutes.(nmet ’95)
a. another b. other c. more d. less
keys：aacca
二、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级
（一）、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
（二）、形容词，副词等级的用法
a、原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too
例如，he is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
my brother runs so fast that i can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
例如，tom is as old as kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
tom is twice as old as kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。
“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
例如，tom runs as fast as mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
tom runs twice as fast as mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。
(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如，this room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
例如，he doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。
b、比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿 even甚至，still仍然
例如，lesson one is much easier than lesson two.第一课比第二课容易得多。
tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
this train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。
she drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
2.比较级常用的句型结构
(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
例如，tom is taller than kate.汤姆比凯特高。
this room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。
“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
例如，i got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
he runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
例如，the yangtze river is longer than any other river in china.
=the yangtze river is longer than any of the other rivers in china.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。
=the yangtze river is longer than the other rivers in china.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。
=the yangtze river is the longest river in china.长江是中国最长的河流。
注意：the yangtze river is longer than any river in japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。
“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。
例如，mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
= mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
= mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。
注意：mike gets to school earlier than any student in tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)
(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
例如，look at the two boys. my brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
例如，he is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
the flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
he does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
例如，the more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”
例如，which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”
例如，who draws better，jenny or danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？
c、最高级常用句型结构
(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如，tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
this apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
例如，i jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
例如，beijing is one of the largest cities in china.北京是中国最大城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
例如，which country is the largest，china，brazil or canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较
例如，which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
初二英语上册Units1-3 知识归纳 第3篇
初二上册units 1-3 知识归纳
一、词语辨析：
1、little, a little, few, a few
中考题：
（1）“what are you going to buy?”“i’m going to buy ______ bananas.”
a. a little b. a few c. little d. few1997年福建省中考题
【评】答案是b。此题考查a little / little与a few / few的用法区别。a little / little修饰不可数名词：a little意为“一点儿”；little意为“几乎没有”，有否定含义。a few / few修饰可数名词：其中a few意为“几个”，有肯定含义；few意为“少数几个”，有否定含义。此句是肯定句，且banana是可数名词，故选b。
（2）—“can you speak chinese, peter?” —“yes, but only .”
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
（3）—“can you speak chinese, peter?” —“yes, but only .”
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
（4）the text is very easy for you . there are _______ new words in it .
a. a few b. a little c. few d. little
（5）the english novel is quite easy for you. there are new words in it.
a. a little b. little c. a few d. few
2、maybe, may be
maybe是副词，在句子中不能作谓语，意为“也许”，它通常放在句首；may be是情态动词 may + be 构成谓语，意为“可能是”。如：
maybe they will win the football game this time.(= they may win the football game this time.) 也许这次他们会赢得这场足球赛。
he may be there alone, but i'm not sure.(= maybe he is there alone, but i'm not sure.) 他也许一个人在那儿，但我不能肯定。
(1) the pretty girl ______ our new classmate.
(2) ______ my father is at home.
解析：maybe是副词，意思是“也许、可能”，在句中作状语，常居于句首。而may be结构中，may是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的谓语形式，意为“也许是，可能是”，故答案是： (1)may be (2)maybe
3、how long, how far, how often, how many, how much,
how long多久，用于提问一段时间。
-how long do you sleep every night?
-for nine hours.
how far多远，用于提问一段距离
-how far is your home from school?
-it’s five kilometres away.
how often多久一次，用于提问频率。
-how often do you exercise?
-i exercise three times a week.
how many/much多少，修饰可数/不可数名词，用于提问数量。
-how many books do you have?
-seven.
-how much tea do you need?
-a cup.
二、语法：
（一）、情态动词用法小结
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑，有一定的词义，但不完整，其后一定要跟不带to的动词不定式（即动词原形）（ought to除外）。另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情态动词had better, have to。其用法如下：
1. can与could
can与could意为“能；会”，表示请求，could是can的过去式，在表示请求时没有时间上的差别，只是语气比can委婉。表示允许或征求对方意见时，可代替may。如：
① —can you swim?
—yes, i can.
② —can i ask you a question?
—yes, of course you can.
2. may与might
二者表示请求许可时，意为“可以”；还可以表示可能性、推测。might是may的过去式形式。如：you may go now.
3. must与have to
must表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观需要。如：
① you are weak in english, so you must work hard at it. （表示主观）
② it's too late. i have to go home. （表示客观）
注： must表示推测时，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句。如：
he must be in hospital, because he is ill badly.
must意为“必须”时，其否定式是needn't。如：
—must i go home?
—no, you needn't.
4. need
need意为“需要”，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词，need作情态动词时主要用于疑问句或否定句，其否定式为needn't；作实义动词时有人称、时态和数的变化，肯定形式为need to do,否定形式为don't need to do。如：
need you wear warm clothes? （情态动词）
you needn't worry about me. （情态动词）
do you need to have a good rest? （实义动词）
he need to see a doctor because he doesn't feel well. （实义动词）
5. shall与 should
should是shall的过去式，用于第一人称中，表示询问或征求意见，用于肯定句时可译为“应该”。如：
shall we go swimming?
what should i do?
6. will与would
will用于将来时态，表示询问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请。would是will的过去式，往往表示意愿或请求。如：
he would like to have a rest.
7. had better
had better意为“最好”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形, 其否定式为：had better not。如：
you'd better hand in your homework on time.
he'd better not be late for school.
（二）聚焦一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
[聚焦一] 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的定义
一般疑问句是对某一情况“是、否”提出质疑，常用yes或no回答，朗读时常用升调。
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头，对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问的句子。朗读时常用降调。
[聚焦二] 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的构成及应答。
一、 一般疑问句
1. 含有系动词be或情态动词的陈述句，变为一般疑问句:i’m a policeman. → are you a policeman? i can help you. → can you help me?
2. 若陈述句的谓语动词是行为动词：he likes to play football. → does he like to play football?
3. 一般疑问句的应答。回答时，注意采用相应的人称代词以避免重复，否定回答时还要注意缩写，不过am与not不能缩写为amn‘t。如：
① —is he a student?
—yes, he is.
② —can you speak english?
—no, i can‘t.
③ —do you like singing?
—yes, i do.
④ —would you like to come to my home?
—yes, i‘d love to.
二、 特殊疑问句
1. 特殊疑问句的构成：“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。如：how old are you?
2. 特殊疑问句的应答不用“yes/no”, 应作具体回答。如：
—what time is it, please?
—it’s 7:30 a.m.
3. 特殊疑问句中的疑问词的选用是最关键的。那么特殊疑问词有哪些呢？
① 疑问代词可在疑问句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。常见的有：what，who，whose，which等。
如： —what colour is it? —it’s red.
② 疑问副词可在疑问句中作状语、定语。常见的有: when，where, how，how many，how much, how tall，how old，why等。如：
a. —how tall are you?
—i’m 1.60 meters.
b.—how far is it from here to your home?
—it’s 30 kilometers away.
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