高一英语重点词语用法(精选3篇)
高一英语重点词语用法 第1篇
1.sound----词的用法
1)sound作名词,意为“声音”,有可数和不可数两种用法。如:
①strange sounds came from the next room.(作可数名词)
奇怪的声音来自隔壁房间。
②sound travels at 340 metres per second on air.(作不可数名词)。
声音以每秒340米的速度在空气中传播。
【注意】sound,voice和 noise三个词都表示声音,但用法不同,其区别如下:
①sound指任何能听到的声音。如:
the sound of voices说话声
the sound of music音乐声
the sound of breaking glass 打碎玻璃的声音
②voice指人的说话声或唱歌声。如:
she has sweet voice. 她的声音甜美。
③noise通常指较大的使人不快的声音。如:
stop making so much noise!不要弄出这么大的声响!
2)sound作连系动词,意为“听起来”,“听上去(给人以某种印象)”,常接形容词作表语,不接副词。还可接名词,介词短语或从句。如:
①your cough sounds better. 你的咳嗽听起来好些了。
②that sounds like a good idea!那听起来是个好主意。
③it sounds as if(as though) the government doesn\'t know what
to do.
听起来好像政府不知道该怎么办。
3)sound作及物动词,意为“发出声音”、“发(音)”;作不及物动词,意为“发声”、“响”。如:
①the bell sounded for dinner at eight o\'clock.晚餐铃声八点钟响。
②a bell is sounded at eight o\'clock.八点钟时敲响铃子。
③sound your horn to warn the other driver.按喇叭警告另一位驾驶员。
4)sound作形容词,表示“健康的”、“完好的”、“正确的”、“彻底的”等含义。
如:
children of sound mind and body 身心健康的孩子们。
a sound sleep 酣睡
另外sound可作副词,用于习语,如:
be sound asleep(酣睡着)
2.比较like和as
1)like为介词,意为“如,像”,偶尔作连词用,代替as. 如:
①she sings like a bird.她唱起歌来像小鸟一样。
②do you have to feed plants like you feed chickens?
你是否必须给植物喂东西吃,就像喂小鸡那样呢?
2)as常作介词,意为“充当”、“作为”。如:
①as your teacher,i think it my duty to help
you.作为老师,我认为帮助你是我的责任。
3)like常用的短语有: sound/feel/seem/look/be like;like this,like
that等。
as常用的短语有:have/think of/look
on/treat/regard/consider/work,etc…as等。
4)试比较下面两句:
①he works like a worker. (he really is not a worker. )
他像工人一样干活。
②he works as a work.(he himself is a worker.)
他作为一名工人而工作。
3.感官动词+复合宾语
感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe及使役动词let,make,have
后接复合宾语时,其中的宾语补足语通常有三种形式:
1)用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所代表的人或物所发出的动作。如:
①then i watched all the glass that were on the table fall off
onto the floor.
接着我看到桌上玻璃杯都摔落到地上。
②did you notice a girl in red enter the building?
你看见一个穿红衣服的女孩进入这座大楼了吗?
③she lets her children stay up very late. 她让孩子很晚睡觉。
【注意】这些动词中,除了let和have一般不用于被动语态,其他动词均可用于被动语态。用于被动语态时,不定式前必须带to。如:
①she is often heard to sing songs.人们经常听到她唱歌。
②though he often made his little sister cry,today he was made
to cry by his lit tle sister. 虽然他时常惹他妹妹哭,但今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。
上例中,though 引导的从句是主动结构,动词原形cry在句中作宾语补足语,后而的主句是被动结构,to
cry在句中作宾语补足语。
2)用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语正在进行的动作。如:
①why do you stand and watch them fighting?你为什么站着看他们打架?
②she felt her heart beating faster.她觉得心跳加快了。
【注意】 动词不定式作宾补和现在分词作宾补都表示主动关系,即宾语
与补足语间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,但两者含义不同。
用不定式指一个动作或一件事的全过程,有时指经常发生的动作;
而现在分词则指一个正在进行的动作,是部分,而不是全过程。试比较:
①when did you last saw the boy playing in the garden?
你最后一次看到那男孩在花园里玩是什么时间?
②they knew her very well.they had seen her grow up from
childhood.
他们对她非常熟悉,他们是看着她从小长大的。
3)过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动关系,即宾语与补足语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,同时表示动作已完成。如:
①he raised his voice to make himself heard.
他提高声音,使别人能听见他的话。
②there was a person who saw the man killed.
有一个人目击了那个男子被杀。
4.it,one,ones,that,those替代名词的用法。
it,one,ones,that,those这儿个替代词可以用来替代句中或上文中已提到的名词,以避免重复。但我们应注意它们所使用的场合。
1)it用于指代前面提到过的名词,而且就是那个名词,即同类同物。it可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。如:
①do you want the magazine? yes,i want it.
你想要这本杂志吗?是的,我要。
②he looked for his watch everywhere yesterday,but he couldn\'t
find it anywhere.昨天他到处寻找自己的手表,但他在哪儿都找不到。
③i don\'t want to drink the tea.it is too hot.我不想喝这茶,它太热了。
2)one通常用来代替上文中出现过的可数名词或以可数名词为中心词组的整个名词,指同类异物。one的复数形式为ones。one和ones既可指人,也可指物,意思是指与有关名词同类型的另一个(或另一些)。通常用one代替单数可数名词,用ones代替复数可数名词。如:
①i have lost my pen,i\'m going to buy one.我的钢笔丢了,我要去买一支。
②i have a new coat and several old ones.我有一件新大衣和几件旧的。
one前可用this,that修饰,但ones前不能用these或those修饰,除非one前有形容词修饰。如:
③iprefer this one to that one.我喜欢这个,而不喜欢那个。
④these yellow ones are so small.i want those green ones.
这些黄的太小,我要那些绿的。
one和ones前面不能用物主代词。如:
⑤this is my apple and that\'s yours.(不说your one)
这是我的苹果,那是你的。
one和ones前面有修饰词时,可以加冠词,有时the ones和those可
互换使用,但要求后面有修饰语。如:
⑥i don\'t like this pen.show me a better one.
我不喜欢这支钢笔,再给我好一点的钢笔看一看。
3)that作为代词用来代替上文中出现的名词,它表示与前面同类的东西。
that既可代替可数名词,又可代替不可数名词,常要求有后置定语,一般不指人。如:
①the price of wheat is higher than that of rice.小麦的价格比大米高。
②the population of china is larger than that of
japan.中国的人口比日本多。
that one用来替代同类事物中特指的另一个,可与 that替换。如:
③this story is not so interesting as the one/that we heard
last night.
这个故事不如我们昨晚听到的那一个有趣。
另外, that可代替上文全句的内容,it和one则不能。如:
④he will ask me to lend him some money and i can\'t do that.
他要问我借点钱,可我不能借。
⑤we see him when he comes to town,but that isn\'t often.
他进城时我们能见到他,但这种情况不常有。
4)those可用来替代可数名词的复数,表示特指。有时the ones和those可互换使用,常要求有后置定语。如:
① the students in our class work harder than those in their
class.
我们班的同学比他们班的同学学习更刻苦。
5.fall和drop的用法区别
1)drop可作及物动词,而fall不能。表示无意或故意“掉下来”某一物体,或故意“跌倒”时,用drop,不用fall。例如:
①the class 2 runner dropped his stick on ground.
二班的运动员不小心把接力棒掉在了地上。
②he dropped his shoes on the floor.他把鞋子扔在地上。
③she was tired and dropped herself into the
chair.她非常累,重重地往椅子上一坐。(不说…fell into the chair.)
2)drop和fall都可作不及物动词,表示“掉下”;“落下”。
①the glass dropped(或 fell)out of her hand. 杯子从她手里掉了下来。
②he dropped(或 fell)to the ground. 他摔倒在地上。
6.over与below的基本用法
1)over用作介词,意为“在……上方;跨越……上方,超过,多于”。例如:
①i saw an arched stone bridge over the river.我看到河上有一座石拱桥。
②the bridge over the river is closed for repairs.
河上的桥停止使用,进行维修。
③the lamp was hanging over the table.
桌子上方悬挂着一盏灯。
④its population is over two million. 它的人口有二百多万。
⑤they talked for over half an hour. 他们谈了半个多钟头。
2)below用作副词,意为“下面的,在下面”,通常用作定语、状语或表语。
原句中below用作定语。例如:
①write your name in the place below.
(作定语)把你的名字写在下面。
②the rose-garden lay below.(作状语)玫瑰园就在下边。
③below is an example of typical business letter.
(作表语)下面是典型商业书信的一个例子。
④then i heard them calling me from below.
(间或与介词连用)这时我听见他们从下面叫我。
7.hurt为不规则动词(hurt,hurt),主要用法如下:
1)伤害,损害:
①too much water or too much sun will hurt the plants.
水太多,阳光太强,对作物都有害。
2)使受伤:
①a boy fell down and hurt hinself. 一个男孩摔下来跌伤了。
3)伤害(别人的感情),使不高兴:
①my feelings were hurt when he didn\'t ask me to the party.
他没邀请我聚会,伤了我的感情。
4)疼:
①does your leg still hurt (you)? 你的腿还疼吗?
▲区别 hurt,harm,injure,wound,damage和destroy的用法:
hurt是一般的用语,可指对生物(living
things)肉体伤害,指非故意的伤害。injure与hurt同义,但较正式。harm指身体或精神上的损害均可,意为“伤害,损害;有害于”。harm指的伤害仅引起不便或不适。不卫生的地方,对于居住者,会给予harm,但因不致给予痛苦,故不能用hurt代替
harm。 wound.表示受子弹伤或刀、剑伤等。特指蓄意造成的伤。 wound和
injure的意义都比hurt严重。另外,damage或destroy所表示的破坏,是指对房屋或车辆等的损坏。
8.population的用法
population为集体名词,不可数,当它作主语时,若表示全部人口,后面的谓语动词用单数;若表示部分(如
1/3等)人口,后面的谓语动词用复数。例如:
①the population of the earth is increasing very fast.
地球上的人口增长很快。
②over eighty percent of the population in china are peasants.
中国超过80%的人口为农民。
9.as,when与while的用法区别
1)while常表示一段较长时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。例如:
①work while you work.play while you play.
工作时工作,玩耍时玩耍。
2)when意为“当……时候”,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。
例如:
①when the clock struck twelve, all the lights in the streets
were still on.
钟敲十二时,街上所有的灯仍亮着。
②when he was at college, he studied hard.他在大学时,学习很努力。
3)as意为“当……时候”,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生,经常翻译为“一面……一面……”。例如:
①the students sang the english song as they went
along.学生们边走边唱那首英语歌曲。
10.表示时间的介词 at/in/on的基本用法
1)at表示确切的时刻:
①we get up at six every day.我们每天6点起床。
2)in表示某一天中的某一部分时间(at night):
①in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早晨/下午/傍晚
3)在确定的某一天的某一段时间用on:
①on a cold afternoon in january,i caught a bad cold.
元月份的一个寒冷的下午,我患了重感冒。
4)在某一天用on:
①on saturday/on his birthday 在星期六/在他的生日
5)用来指整个假期时用at,指假期中的一天时用on:
①at christmas/on christmas day
圣诞节/圣诞节这天
6)谈论周,月,季,年和世纪用in:
①in easter week/in march/in 1998/in tha early 20th
century在复活节那周/在三月/在1998年/在20世纪初
11.关系副词where的用法
whare是表示地点的关系副词。它既可引导非限制性定语从句,也可引导限制性的定语从句,并在从句中作地点状语,它所修饰的先行词都是表示地点的名词。例如:
①they will fly to beijing, where they plan to stay for two
days.
他们将乘飞机飞往北京,计划在那儿呆两天。
②this is the house where i lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房间。
2)where引导定语从句时,意义上相当于:“介词+which”的结构。例如:
①this is the house where(=in which)he lived ten years ago.
这就是他十年前住过的房子。
3)如果引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作主语或宾语的时候,就不能用关系副词where,而只能用关系代词which或that。例如:
①this is the factory which(that) i visited last year.
我去年参观过的工厂。(作宾语)
②have you visited the museum which(that) was built over thirty
years ago?
你们参观过三十多年前建成的那座博物馆了吗?(作主语)
12.whole和all的用法
这两词意思相同,但用法很不一样。
1)whole一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后,而all须位于这些词之前。
①all the time;the whole time 整个时间
②all my life; my whole life 我的一生
③all the class;the whole class 整个班级
【注意】如名主词前没有限定词,不能用whole,如可以说all day,而不能说 whole day。
2)all和whole都可指“未经分割的整体”。但all还可用来指“已经分割或分散的人和物”,而whole不能这样用。
①the whole city=all the city整座城市
②all the classes所有的班级(不能说 the whole classes)
3)whole一般不能修饰不可数名词或物质名词,修饰复数名词时一般前面有数量词,而all能用于各种情况。
①all the money所有的钱(不说the whole money)
②three whole days三整天
4)whole一般不能修饰地名。不能说the whole europe,但可以说the wholeof
europe(整个欧洲)。
13.hit的两种用法
1)hit=knock or strike with force,表示“击、击中、碰、憧、打”等意思。如:
①the ball hit the man on the bike on the back.
球击在那个骑车人的背上。(不说 on his back)
②the boy threw a stone at the dog but didn\'t hit it.
那孩子用一块石头朝那只狗扔去,但没击中。
③the child hit his forehead against/on the corner of the
table.
那孩子的前额撞在台角上。
④when bob tried to catch hold of his arm,john hit him hard in
the face. 鲍勃伸手去抓约翰的手臂时,约翰打了他的脸。(不说in his face)
【注意】在汉语中,通常把人体的某一部分作动词的宾语,而在英语中,一般把人作动词的宾语,而用介词短语说明人体的部位,人体的部位名词前一般用定冠词the,而不用物主代词或名词所有格形式,如句①④。再如:
⑤the stone hit him on the head/nose/back. 石头打中了他的头/鼻子/前。
⑥i touched him on the shoulder.我碰了下他的肩膀。
⑦the policeman caught him by the arm.警察抓住了他的手臂。
⑧the soldier was wounded in the leg/chest. 那位战士腿部/胸部受伤。
⑨the man was blind in the right eye. 那人右眼瞎了。 ⑩the boy led the
cow by the nose.那孩子牵着牛。
(11)the old woman took the girl by the hand.那老太太拉着那小姑娘的手。
2)hit= have a bad effect on,意思是“袭击”、“遭受”。如:
①scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake
will hit the areaaround san francisco.
科学家担心将来有一天旧金山周围地区会发生更大的地震。
②the area was hit by a great storm.
那个地区遭受了大风暴的袭击。
③he was hard hit by financial losses.
他遭受了很大的经济损失
高一英语重点词语用法 第2篇
1.reach 的用法
reach [ri:tm] vt. 到达,抵达。表示到达之意的还有 arrive at (in) , get to
等。例如:
① the president reached beijing by special plane yesterday.
总统昨天乘专机到达北京。
② we reached here thursday morning. 我们是星期四早晨到达这里的。
③ dr bethune arrived in yanan in the spring of 1938.
白求恩大夫于1938年春到达延安。
④ when did you arrive in europe? 你何时到达欧洲?
⑤ she was always the first to arrive at the workshop.
她总是第一个来到车间。
⑥ they arrived at the station at two o\'clock. 他们两点钟来到车站。
⑦ we must get to the airport before 8.我们必须在八点钟前到机场。
⑧ when did you get home yesterday? 你昨天什么时候到家的?
⑨ “when did the train arrived?” “half an hour ago.”
火车何时到达的?半小时之前。
【注意】在指到达一个洲、国家、城市等大地方时,arrive后多用in;而在指到达一个小地方时,多用at。但如将一个城市当作一个点看待,也可用at。例如:
① mary arrived in shanghai last month. 玛丽上月到达上海。
② we arrived at the small village in the evening. 我们傍晚到达那个小村庄。
③ the train arrived at jinan at ten o\' clock. 火车十点钟抵达济南站。
2.discover 的用法
discover [dis\'k)v+] vt.
发现(已存在但并不为人所知的事,通常指地方或科学事实);知道。discover的基本用法如下:
1)跟名词或代词:
①it was madame curie who discovered the element radium.
是居里夫人发现了镭元素。
② columbus discovered america in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
2)跟从句:
① it was discovered that our food was running short.
我们发现粮食快完了。
② we discovered that he was an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。
3)跟带连接词的不定式:
① we never discovered how to open the box. 我们找不出打开盒子的方法。
4)跟复合宾语:
① we discovered him to be an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。
② we discovered them sitting around a fire talking.
我们发现他们围坐在篝火旁谈话。
3.both [b+ui] 的基本用法
1)both
用作连词。通常与and连用,构成“both…and…”形式,意为“……和……两者都”,使用时,both和and后面一般都跟着相同词类的词。例如:
① she both plays the piano and sings. (both+ 动词+ and+ 动词)
她既弹钢琴,也唱歌。
② she plays both the piano and the guitar.
(both+名词;and+名词)
她既弹钢琴,也弹吉他。
2)both用作代词。常位于连系动词之后,或实义动词之前;但若当动词是由几个部分组成时,both则放在第一个助动词之后。此外,它可用作主语。如:
①they are both absent. (同位语)他们俩都缺席。
②they both agree to stay. (同上)他们俩都同意留下来。
③we have both studied french.
我们两个人都学习过法语。
3)both还可作形容词。其用法和either相似,但both后面接复数名词,either后面只接单数名词。如:
①new cities came into being on both sides of the great wall.
(=new cities came into being on either side of the great
wall.)
长城的两边出现了崭新的城市。
4)both的全部否定,应用neither或not…either;而both…not却是部分否定。如:
①neither of them was in good health, but both worked very
hard.
(=either of them was not in good health, but both worked very
hard.)
他们俩身体都不好,但都努力地工作。 ②both of them are not teachers. 他们俩并非都是教师。
4.room [ru:m] 的基本用法
1)room可以用作不可数名词,意为“(未占用的或可利用的)空间;地位;余地”。例如:
①is there room for me? 还有我的地方吗?
②it\'s polite for the youth to make room for the old in the
bus.
在公共汽车上为老人让路是有礼貌的。
③there\'s plenty of room for the desks. 有足够的空地方放课桌。
④there\'s room for three more. 还有三个人的位置。
⑤i haven\'t much room to move here.
我这儿没有多少活动余地。 ⑥can you make room for another?
你还能腾出一个(或一件东西)的地方吗?
⑦this table takes up too much room----we\'d better put it out.
这张桌子占的地方太大,我们最好把它搬到外头去。
2)room可以用作可数名词,意为“房间,室;一套房间;寓所”。例如:
①how many rooms are there in this hotel? 这家饭店里有多少房间?
②this room is a very pleasant one. 这个房间很舒服。
【注意】与room常合成的词有:bathroom 洗澡间;sitting-room 起居室;dinning-room
饭厅;schoolroom教室
5.prepare的用法
prepare [pri\'p#+] vt. & vi. 准备
1)跟名词或代词(可有较活译法):
①please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子吃晚饭。
②mother is preparing us a meal. 母亲正为我们做饭。
2)跟不定式:
①they are busy preparing to go on holiday. 他们正忙着准备休假。
3)prepare for引起的短语表示“为……做好准备”。
①we were given two days to prepare for the examination.
给了我们两天时间准备考试。
②hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
[谚]存最好的希望,准备应付最坏的情况。
6.way的用法 1)way(意为“方法”)经常不用介词。例如:
①i think you\'re putting it together (in) the wrong way.
我认为你把它装错了。
②do it any way you like. 你爱怎么干就怎么干。
在有关从句的句子里,我们在way后面常用that来代替in which。
例如:
③i like the way (that) she organized the meeting. 我喜欢他组织会议的方法。
2)way后面可跟“带to的动词不定式”结构,也可跟“of+ -ing”结构。两者之间没有重要区别。例如:
①there\'s no way to prove he was stealing money. 无法证明他在偷钱。
②there\'s no way of proving he was stealing money.
无法证明他在偷钱。
3)不要混淆in the way和on the way:in the
way是用来谈障碍--------阻止你到想去的地方的人或物;on the way意为“在途中”。试比较:
①please don\'t stand in the kitchen door----you\'re in the
way.
请不要站在厨房门口--------你挡了我的路。
②let\'s not stop too often on the way. 咱们别老在途中停留了。
7.offer的用法
offer作为及物动词,有以下几种意思:
1)提供,提出。如:
①the young man offered the old woman his own seat.
那位年轻人把自己的座位让给那位老大娘。 2)出价,开价(常与介词for连用)。如:
①i offered him £10,000 for the house.
我出价一万英镑向他买那座房子。
②i offered him the house for £10,000.
我以一万磅的价格把那座房子卖给他。
3)表示愿意做某事(常与不定式连用)如:
①we offered to go with him. 我们表示愿意和他一道去。
▲另外,offer也可作为名词用,意思是“提供”,“提供的事物”。如:
①you ought to accept the offer. 你应该接受这个提议。
8.turn 一词的几种常见用法
1)take turns to do, take turns at doing 或do …by turns
都表示“轮流做某事”的意思。it\'s one\'s turn to do… 表示“轮到某人做某事”。注意表达时turn
一词的单复数形式。如:
①take turns to offer each other the foods in part 2 in pairs.
两人一组,轮流请对方吃第二部分列出的食物。
②they took turns to keep watch.
他们轮流站岗。(=they kept watch by turns.)
③we take turns to make/ at making dinner.
我们轮流做晚饭。(=we make dinner by turns.)
④the two drivers took turns at driving the truck.
两个驾驶员轮流开车。(=…drove …by turns.)
⑤it\'s your turn to recite the passage. 轮到你背诵这篇短文了。
⑥whose turn is it to speak now? 现在轮到谁发言了?
【注意】 wait your turn是“等着轮到你”的意思,这里wait后不能接for。
wait your turn = wait until it is your turn.
2)turn = become,用作连系动词。如:
①in autumn the leaves turn brown. 秋天树叶变黄。
②ice turns into water when (it is) heated. 冰加热变成水。
③three years later, he turned thief/ doctor.
三年后他变成了贼/医生。
【注意】句③中,turn接表示主语身份的名词时,该名词前不带冠词。
▲说“情况变得更糟了”,英语是 get worse 或 turn for the worse,而个说 turn worse.
3)turn out表示“结果……”,如:
①the project turned out (to be) a failure.
计划结果失败了。(to be可省略)
②the day turned out to be a fine one. 结果那天是个晴天。
③i hope everything will turn out fine/ well/ all right.
我希望一切都会好的。
4)turn up = appear, be found 表示“出现”。如:①he promised to come,
but so far he hasn\'t turned up yet.
他答应来的,可到现在还没出现。
②i expect the missing watch will turn up one day.
我希望那块丢失的手表哪一天会出现。
③tom is always waiting for something to turn up.
tom总是等待着好运会降临。
5)其它turn所用于的情况:
①don\'t always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new
word.碰到生词时不要总是查词典。
②don\'t turn to him for help. 不要求助于他。
③he turned the key in the lock. 他用钥匙开门。
④turn over the page. 翻过一页。
⑤the doctor turned him over and looked at his back.
医生把他翻过来查看他的背。 ⑥turn it round and let me see the other side.
把它转过来,让我看另一面。⑦turn away from the light. 背过光去。
⑧turn down the radio/ light. 把收音机音量放小些/把灯调暗些。⑨turn your pocket
inside out. 把你的口袋翻过来。
⑩turn the bottle upside down. 把瓶倒过来。
(11)she was angry and turned her back to me.
她生气了,背对着我。(12)turn your eyes this way. 朝这边看。
9.ship 作为动词的用法
1)ship作为及物动词,意思是“用船运送”、“运送”。如:
①they shipped the machine from shanghai to tianjin last
week.他们于上星期用船把那台机器从上海运到天津。
②did he ship the goods by train or by plane?
他是用火车还是用飞机运送那批货物的?
2)ship作为不及物动词,意为“上船”、“乘船”、“在船上工作”。如:①he said good - bye to his
family and shipped out for england.他向家人道别,乘船到英国去了。
②he shipped as cook. 他在船上当厨师。
重要词组短语
1.be made into, be made of, be made from 和be made up of 的用法区别
1)be made into意思是“被制成”。如:
①in many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
在世界许多地方玉米被制成粉。
②we can make glass into different kinds of things.
我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。
2)be made of原为 be made out of,
out常被省略。这一短语表示成品制成后,仍保留了原材料的形状,制作过程仅发生了物理变化。如:
①the desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌都是木头制成的。
②the cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。
3)be made from
表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外性和特性,原料在制作过程中发生了化学变化,从成品已无法辨认。如: ①gas is made
from coal. 煤气由煤制成。
②this kind of wine is made from rice. 这种酒是米制成的。
4)be made up of是“由……组成”的意思。如:
①the article is made up of four parts.
这篇文章由四部分组成。
②the sports team is made up of twenty members.
这支运动队有二十人组成。
【注意】be made of,be made into和make …into…许多时候可互换使用。
如:
①bread is made of flour.
=flour can be made into bread.
=we can make flour into bread.
=we can make bread (out) of flour.
2.help oneself 的用法
help oneself是固定用法,可单独使用,也可和介词to连用。主要有四种含义:
1)serve oneself (with food or drink) 自用(食物等)。如:
①there is some bread on the table. you may help yourself to
it. 桌子上有面包,你自己拿去吃吧!
②----can i have a drink?
----help yourself.
“我可以喝点吗?”
“别客气(随便喝吧)!”
③“jill, help yourself to the pancakes. they are delicious”.
吉尔(自己)拿些煎饼吃吧!非常好吃!
2)take for (oneself), esp. dishonestly,
擅自取用。此时,to后宾语不一定是食物类,而可以泛指其他各种物品。如:
①the money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped
himself (to it). 桌上有钱,左右无人,于是他就拿走了。
②before leaving, father warned me against not to help myself
to the medicine in the box on the shelf. 出门前,父亲再次警告我不要拿放在架子上盒子
里的药。
【注意】 help sb to sth表示“替别人取食物等。”如:
①may i help you to some more meat? 我帮你再拿些肉好吗?
3.动词时态和by引起的时间状语
by引导的时间状语,有“在某时前、到某时为止”、“到某时”的意思,所修饰的谓语动词的时态既取决于by短语,指过去、将来还是现在,也取决于谓语动词是动作动词还是状态动词。详述如下:
1)by引导的时间状语表示过去某一时间
(1)如谓语动词是动作动词,该动作到by短语所示时间时已经完成,则用过去完成时。如:
①by the time he was ten, he had already built a chemistry lab
for himself.
到了十岁时,他为自己建了一个化学实验室。
(2)如谓语动词是动作动词,该动作到by短语所示时间时尚在进行之中,则用过去进行时。如: ①by seven
o\'clock, the wind was blowing harder than ever.
到七点时,北风比以往吹得更强劲了。
(3)如谓语动词是状态动词,表示到by短语所示时间时存在的状态,则用过去时。如:
①by that time the japanese were already very near.
到那时,日本人已经很近了。
②by then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.
到那时,他知道他长大后要干什么。
(4)如谓语动词是状态动词,表示到by短语所示时间时该状态已延续若干时间,则用过去完成时。这时,另有一个表示一段时间的状语,说明该状态延续的时间长度。如:
①by the end of last month, my brother had been on that ship
for two years.
到上月底,我兄弟在那艘轮船上已有两年了。
2)by短语表示将来某一时间
(1)谓语动词如果是动作动词,则用将来完成时或一般将来时,表示到by短语所表示的时间时该动作将完成。如:
①quite often you\'ll find the unknown word comes again,
perhaps several times and by the end of the chapter you\'ll
have guessed its meaning.
你常常会发现,那个不认识的单词会再次出现,也许会多次出现。到全章快读完时,你就会猜出这个词的意义了。
②we will have the work completed by noon tomorrow.
到明天中午我们将把工作做完。
在主动词为过去式的宾语从句中则用过去将来时。如:
③mrs adams thought the movie would be finished by 10:30 p. m.
亚当斯认为电影到晚上十点半会结束。
(2)如谓语动词是状态动词,则用一般将来时,表示到by短语所示时间将出现的状态。如:
①your son will be all right by supper time.
到吃晚饭时你儿子(的病)就会好了。
②he won\'t be here by this time tomorrow.
明天这个时候他还不会到这里。
3)by短语表示现在
如谓语动词是动作的动词,则用现在完成时,表示到现在该动作已完成。如: perhaps she\'s recovered by
now. 也许现在她已恢复健康了。
4.be able to与can的用法区别
be able to表示能力,意思上与can没有区别,但can只有现在式和过去式(could),而 be able
to则有更多的形式,体现在be的时态变化上。例如:
①no one is able to do it. (= no one can do it.) 没人能做这件事。
②we shall be able to finish the work next week.
我们下周将能完成这项工作。
③i haven\'t been able to find the book. 我没能够找到那本书。
常用句型结构
1.as…as…中第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词,其基本用法如下:
1)如果我们要说两个东西在某方面是一样的,同我们就可以用as…as… 加一个原级形容词或副词。如:
①it\'s as cold as ice. 它象冰一样冷。
②he drove as fast as he could. 他尽可能快开。
在非正式文体中,第一个as往往省略。美国英语尤其如此。例
如:
③she\'s bard as mails. 她冷酷无情。
如果第二个as后面跟的是人称代词,可以用主格(i,he,we等),也可以用宾格(me,him,us等)。在正式的文体中多用主格(as
clever as i),但在非正式的讲话或文字中,宾格较为普通(as clever as me)。
【注意】在作否定的比较时,可用not as…as…,也可用not so…as…。在现代英语中,两者都是正确的。例如:
④she\'s not as/ so nice as her sister. 她不如她姐姐好。
2)如果涉及数量,我们可以用as much …as…或as many …as…加一个名词。
例如:
①i haven\'t got as much money as i thought.
我没有原来想象的那么多钱。
②we need as many records as possible.
我们需要尽量多弄到一些唱片。
▲as much和 as many也可用作代词,后面不跟名词。如:
③i ate as much as i could. 我放开肚子大吃了一顿。
④he didn\'t catch as much as he\'d hoped.
他没有得到预期的那么多。
▲as much还可以用作状语,来修饰某个动作或状态。如:
⑤you ought to rest as much as possible. 你应当尽量多休息。
3)as…as还可以与twice,three times等连用,也可以与half,a quarter等连用。例如:
①i\'m not going out with a man who\'s twice as old as me.
我不愿意和一个年纪比我大一倍的人一起参加社交活动。
②we got three times as many people as expected.
来的人超过我们预料人数的两倍。
③you\'re not half as clever as you think you are.
你可不象自己想象的一半那么聪明。
2.“too…to…”意为“太……以致于不能……”。例如:
①he\'s too old to work. 他太老了,不能工作了。
②it\'s too late for the pubs to be open.
天太晚了,酒馆不会营业了。
③it\'s too heavy for you to lift. 太重了,你提不起来。
【注意】当glad,eager,easy,pleased等形容词放在“too…to…”结构中的“too”后时,其后的不定式短语往往含有肯定意义。例如:
①i am too eager to join the youth league. 我非常渴望加入共青团。
②i am too glad to meet you. 见到你我非常高兴。
3.感叹句的两种形式
感叹句由 what或
how引导。what后接名词;how后接形容词或副词。构成以下句型:what+a(an)+(adj.)+可数名词单数;what+(adj.)+可数名词复数或不可数名词以及how+(adj.
& adv). +句子。例如:
①what an interesting film we saw yesterday!
昨天我们看的电影真有趣!
②what delicious beancurd you offered me!
你给我的豆腐真好吃!
③how delicious the soup is! 这汤真香!
④how hard the farmers are working in the fields!
农夫们在田野里干得多起劲!
高一英语重点词语用法 第3篇
1.sport与game用法比较
1)sport可指各种运动或户外消遣,可以是娱乐性的,也可以是竞赛性的体育活动。sport特指某种运动项目时,一般用作可数名词;它还指运动会,常用复数形式
sports(=sports meet)。如:
①our headmaster is fond of sport, not music.
我们校长喜欢体育,不喜欢音乐。
②fishing and hunting are his favorite sports.
钓鱼和打猎是他特别喜爱的运动。
③the school sports meet will take place next week.
学校运动会将在下周举行。
2)比较:game(游戏、运动、比赛)。可以是户内或户外的,也可以是脑力或体力的,通常有一定规则,凡参加者都必须遵守。指球赛时,美国英语用game,英 国英语用match。指大型的国际体育运动会、比赛,用game.如:
①football is a game which makes me excited.
足球是一项让我激动的运动。
②let\'s play a game of chess! 咱们下盘棋吧。
③the olympic games are held every four years. 每四年举行一次奥运会。
2.excite一词的用法
1)excite作及物动词,意为“使激动”,“使兴奋”,在主动结构中以事物作主语;在被动结构中以人作主语。如:
①the result of the experiment excited me. 实验的结果令我激动。
②everybody was excited by the news of the victory.
人人为此胜利的消息而兴奋。
2)exciting与excited都可作形容词用,在句中作定语或表语,但两者用法不同。exciting意思是“令人激动的”,常用来修饰事物;excited
意思是“对……感到激动的”,常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音等。如:
①why were they so excited?
他们为什么如此激动?
②the excited children were opening their christmas gifts.
激动的孩子们打开圣诞礼物。
③the trip was very pleasant and exciting.
这次旅行使人感到又愉快又激动。
④we just watched an exciting football match.
我们刚看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
⑤he gave an excited shout. 他发出了激动的叫喊。
注:在上例中,修饰shout的形容词不是exciting而是excited,表示“喊声”是由于人的激动而发出的。
3)excitement是名词,作“兴奋、激动”解时,是不可数名词;作“使人兴奋的事物”时,是可数名词。
3.join, join in, take part in 和 attend 的用法比较
这几个词或短语都有“参加”的意思,但用法不同。
1)join有两个用法:
(1)指加入某个党派,团体组织等,成为其成员之一,意为:“参军、入团、入党”等。如:
①when did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的?
②she joined the young pioneers. 她加入了少先队。
(2)和某人一道做某事,其结构为:join sb. in (doing) sth.,根据上下文,in (doing)
sth. 也可以省去。如:
①will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗?
②he\'ll join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。
③we\'re going to the east lake park on sunday. will you join
us?
我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗?
2)join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语。
如:
①come along, and join in the ball game. 快,来参加球赛。
②why didn\'t you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈?
3)take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如:
①we\'ll take part in social practice during the summer
vacation.
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
②we often take part in physical labour. 我们经常参加体力劳动。
【注意】take part in是惯用词组,part前一般不用冠词,但part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。如:
①lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly
against slavery.
林肯积极参加政治活动,强烈反对奴隶制。
4)attend是正式用语,及物动词,指参加会议,婚礼,葬礼,典礼;去上课,上学,听报告等。句子的主语只是去听,去看,自己不一定起积极作用。
如:
①he\'ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
②i attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。
4.farther与further的区别
1)表示“较远”、“更远”时,两者可以通用。如:
①we can\'t go any farther (further)
with a rest. 我们不休息无法向前走了。
②they went farther (further) into the forest。他们走向森林深处。
2)further还表示“更多的”,“另外的”;“进一步”,“深一层”;“而且,此外”等含义,而farther没有此义。如:
①we must get further information. 我们必须获得更多的信息。
②we need go further into the matter. 我们必须进一步调查此事。
③the museum will be closed until further notice.
该博物馆将关闭,开放时将另行通知。
5.win与beat的用法区别
win与beat的区别:win后接战争、比赛、奖品等名词作宾语,不能接竞争对手作宾语;而beat后常接竞争对手,意为“打败”、“击败”。试比较:
win a race/a battle/ a prize/a medal/success/friendship
赢得赛跑/战役/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊。
beat the competitor/the team/the country打败对手/队/国家
6.time作“时代”解时的用法
time作“时代”解时,常用复数形式(times)。如:
①in ancient times, man lived on wild plants and wild beasts.
在古代,人类靠野果和野兽为生。
②times have changed, and we shouldn\'t fall behind.
时代变了,我们不应落后于时代。
③she didn\'t understand the spirit of the times. 她不理解那个时代的精神。
【注意】 time作“时代”解时,也可用单数形式,如:
①he lived in queen victoria\'s time. 他生活在维多利亚女王时代。
7.happen 的两种含义
happen可作“发生”解,常指意外地、偶然地发生某一件事。它的另一含义是“碰巧”。如:
①what time did the accident happen? 事故是什么时间发生的?
②if anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他发生什么事,请通知我。
③i happened to meet him in the street yesterday. 我昨天碰巧在街上遇见他。
④it so happened that i had no money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。
8.every和表示数量的词连用。
1)every可与表示数量的词连用,表示时间或空间的间隔。如:
①every four years athletes from all over the world take part
in the olympic games. 每四年,来自世界各地的运动员参加奥林匹克运动会。
②i usually go to my uncle\'s every three days (=every third
day).
我通常每三天(每隔两天)去我叔叔家一次。
③there\'s a bus stop every two miles. 每两英里有个车站。
④they looked up and gave a smile to each other every few
minutes.
每隔几分钟他们抬起头相互笑笑。
【注意】every后可接 few,但不能接 a few,因
every一词已包含了a之意,如句④,另外every后也不能接some,several,many等词。every后接序数词时,则修饰单数可数名词,如句②
2)every 可与other + 单数可数名词连用,表示“每隔一……”。如:
①please write on every other line (third line).
请隔行写。(请隔两行写一行。)
②they planted a tree every other metre along the road.
他们在马路边每隔一米栽一棵树。
③the doctor comes to see my mother every other day.
医生每隔一天来看我妈妈一次。
重要词组短语
1.prefer…to…的含义
1)prefer a to b 意思上接近于like a better than
b,表示“喜欢……要胜过喜欢……”。在这一结构中,to为介词,prefer和to后面可接名词或动词-
ing形式。
①i prefer science to languages. 我喜欢理科而不太喜欢文科。
②he prefers beer to coffee. 啤酒与咖啡相比,他更喜欢啤酒。
③he said he preferred the country life to the city life.
他说城市和农村相比,他更喜欢农村。
④even on holidays, he preferred doing
something to doing nothing. 即使在假日里,他也宁愿干点什么事,而不愿闲待着。
2)prefer 不接介词 to短语而单独使用时,相当于 like…very much。这时
prefer后面可接名同,代词,不定式,动词-ing形式等。例如:
①southerners prefer rice while northerners prefer food made
from flour. 南方人比较爱吃米饭,北方人比较爱吃面食。
②which would you prefer, tea or coffee?
茶和咖啡,你较喜欢哪一种?
③she preferred to work and live with the common people.
她喜欢工作生活在普通人中间。
④so you prefer staying with your children on holidays?
这么说,你在假日中宁愿与孩子们在一起了?
【注意】prefer在构成其-ed及-ing形式时,要双写词尾字母 r,即:preferred,preferring
3)prefer还可与 rather than连用,这时 prefer和 rather
than后面一般接不定式,而不接动词-ing形式,rather than后面的不定式符号 to可有可无。
如:
①she preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
她宁愿和我们一道去,而不愿留下。
②he preferred to write to her rather than telephone her.
他宁愿写信给她,而不愿打电话给她。
2.由read构成的短语
1)read out sth. =read sth. loud for others to
hear,意为“读出”、“宣布”。
①your teacher will read out eight sentences. which picture is
she talking about?
你的老师将读出8个句子,她分别读的是有关哪幅画的呢?
②here\'s a letter from tom. shall i read it out?
这儿有一封汤姆的来信,我要不要读出来。
③the headmaster read out the names of the winners and the
contest results of each class. 校长公布了获胜者姓名以及各班竞赛结果。
2)read sth. to sb./ read sb. sth. =read loud for sb. to hear.
表示“读给某人听”。
①here\'s a report about our school. let me read it to you.
这儿有一篇有关我们学校的报道,我来读给你听。
②the teacher read a poem to the class. 老师给全班同学读了首诗。
③she read the children a story. 她给孩子们读了篇故事。
④children like to be read to. 孩子们喜欢读给他们听。
【注意】read to sb. 是“读给某人听”的意思,read for sb. 是“替某人读”的意思。
3)read sth. to oneself = read sth. in silence. 意思是“默读”
①read it to yourself. i\'m not interested in it.
不要读出声来,我对此不感兴趣。
4)read between the lines = to find a meaning that is not
expressed. 表示“体会字里行间的言外之意”。
①if you read between the lines, this letter is really a
request for money.
你如果体会一下言外之意,这封信实际上是要钱。
5)read可用作不及物动词,指文字的流畅或通顺情况。
①the sentence doesn\'t read well. 这个句子不通顺。
②her letters always read well. 她的信读起来很好。
③the full text reads as follows, …全文如下:…
6)read 可用来表示“理解”、“解释”,如:
①don\'t read my silence as consent. 别把我的沉默当作同意。
②how do you read this passage? 这一段话你怎么解释?
3.after that和since then的用法区别
after that表示在过去某一件事以后,但情况或动作并不延续到说话
时,所以句中的谓语动词仍要用一般过去时。since then表示从过去某一
点时间延续至说话时,强调到目前为止一直进行的动作或保持的状态。
因此句中谓语动词一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。试比较:
①after that he never passed any exam.
从那以后他任何一门考试都从未及格过。
②after that they took more attention to what i said and did.
从那以后他们对我的一言一行更加关注了。
③i have been studying hard since then.
从那以来我一直努力学习。
④he has written more than 20 books since then.
从那时候以来他写了二十多本书。
⑤it\'s over three years since then. 从那以来已有三年多了。
(句中常用 it\'s代替 it has been. )
【注意】that指过去某一件事,then指过去某一点时间。
4.介词for短语代表一个不定式
介词for短语常被用来代表一个动作。表示目的、用途、方向等。表示目的时,后面一般接名词,在作用上相当于一相表示目的的动词不定式。例如:
①in 1992 over 8000 competitors from more than 150 countries
went to barcelona for the 25th summer olympics.
1992年,来自150多个国家的八千多运动员去巴塞罗那参加第25届夏季奥林匹克运动会。(= to take part in)
②the place to which she took us was just right for a picnic.
她带我们去在那个地方正适合野餐。
③we are travelling back to england soon for a holiday.
我们不久要回英格兰度假了。(for = to have)
④i\'ll go back to my room for my pen.
我要回宿舍去拿钢笔。(for = to get)
⑤he had to go out for food.
他不得不出去寻找食物。(for = to find)
⑥let\'s go in for some tea.
我们进去喝些茶吧。(for = to have)
⑦shall we go for a walk?
我们出去散散步好吗?(for = and take)
5.hand 构成的动词短语
学习下面例句,注意hand构成的动词短语的含义:
①please hand in your papers at the end of the exam.
请在考试结束时将试卷交上来。
②hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.
把这些铅笔分发给班上的每位同学。
③the thief was handed over to the police. 小偷被提交给了警方。
④please hand on the magazine to your friends. 请把这本杂志传给你的朋友们。
⑤then he handed the cup around the class of students.
他把杯子递给学生,在全班传了一圈。
⑥this ring has been handed down in my family for generations.
这枚戒指在我的家族中传了好几代了。
常用句型结构
1.many of the sports were the same as they are now.
1)the same as…中,same是代词,the same + 名词 + as…中,same是形容词。
在上述句型中,as是关系代词,引导定语从句,as在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。如:
①the house is just the same as it used to be.
这座房子还跟过去一样。(as在定语从句中作表语)
②we are facing the same problems as we did years ago.
(as在从句中作动词宾语)我们正面临着几年前同样的问题。
③we drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered
by. (as在从句中作介词宾语)
我们驱车出城时,与进城时是同一条路。
【注意】在这种句型中,为避免重复,as从句中常省略和前面相同的部分。
2)the same…that…表示……和……一样,指同一人或物。如:
①she lives in the same room that her mother lived.
她住在她母亲住过的同一间屋里。
2.after that more and more countries joined in the games.
形容词/副词“双重比较”的结构,表示持续不断的变化,意思是“越来越……”:
1)adj. /adv. + -er and adj. /adv. +
-er(单音节及部分双音节的形容词/副词双重比较)例如:
①she is getting thinner and thinner. 她变得越来越瘦了。
②he runs faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快了。
2)more and more + adj. /adv. (多音节及部分双音节的形容词/副词双重比较)例如:
①our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的家乡变得越来越美丽了。
②we are going more and more slowly. 我们越走越慢了
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