2022年中考英语精品复习语法基础（精选4篇）
2022年中考英语精品复习语法基础 第1篇
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
climbing mountain is a good exercise. (climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）
爬山是一项好运动。
do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ... 分词起形容词作用）
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗？
he gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用）
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
miss mary teaches us english.
玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）
mr.victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
（to have a talk.... 不定式作状语）
3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。
（动词用单数第三人称形式）
larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）
非谓语动词的特征：
2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
studying english is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。（studying 后跟宾语）
to help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）
3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）
it's too difficult for him to master english in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）
4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
i am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。
（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）
seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。
（seen from...是分词的被动形式）
5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）
there are two big swimming pools here.
?
这儿有两个大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容词作用）
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to write to be written
进 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现在分词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
过 去 分 词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
动 名 词
动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。
1) 动名词作主语：
talking like that is not polite.
那样谈话不礼貌。
learning from others is important .
向别人学习很重要。
putting on more clothes is not so good .
多穿衣服不一定好。
动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。
it's no use waiting here, let's go home.
在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。
it's very difficult climbing this mountain.
爬这座山很困难。
2) 动名词作表语
the nurse's job is looking after the patients.
护士的工作是护理病人。
seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
3) 动名词作宾语
有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
please stop smoking in the house.
请不要在家里抽烟。
i like reading in the forest.
我喜欢在树林里读书。
do you mind my opening the windows?
你介意我打开窗户吗？
she is found of collecting stamp.
她喜欢集邮。
动名词作定语
she is studying in the reading room.
她在阅览室学习。
he slept in the sleeping bag.
他在睡袋里睡觉。
动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词
he pretend not knowing it at all.
他假装全然不知。
we considered not doing it now.
我们考虑现在不做这件事 。
动名词的时态：
动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。
i enjoy swimming in the big river.
我喜欢在大河里游泳。
i am used to watching tv in the evening.
我习惯于晚上看电视。
动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。
she regret not having studied the computer hard.
她后悔没有努力学习计算机。
do you remember having promised me that?
你记得给我许愿了吗？
动名词的被动形式 ：
当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。
his being looked down upon made him sick.
他被人冷落使他很伤感。
i can't really stand being treated like that.
我简直受不了这样的对待。
动名词的几个特殊情况：
1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。
能跟动名词的动词有：
avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
能跟不定式的动词有：
decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,
能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：
love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,
动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
i like to go with you.
我想和你一块儿去。
i like reading.
我喜欢阅读。
he promised to help her.
他答应过要帮助她。
we love watching vcd.
我们喜欢看vcd。
2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。
i remember meeting him in the street.
我记得在街上见过他。
i remember to write a letter to my parents.
我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
3) "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作， "stop + 不定式"表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。
stop smoking, please.
请不要抽烟 。
let's stop to have a rest.
咱们停下来休息一下吧。
4) 动名词和分词的区别：
动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时， 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕
developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕
a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕
boiled water 开水 〔分词〕
2022年中考英语精品复习语法基础 第2篇
冠词是一种虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是特指还是泛指。冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式。 不定冠词有 a, an。 定冠词有 the. 其中, a 用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前, 而 an 则 用在 发音以元音开头的名词之前。不定冠词的用法:
1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用，表示一个。
i gave him a book yesterday.
我昨天给了他一本书。
i am reading an interesting story .
我在读一本有趣的故事书。
i have got a ticket.
我有一张票。
there is a tree in front of my house.
我的屋前有一棵树。
2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
a horse is useful to mankind.
马对人类有用。
a bird can fly.
鸟会飞。
a steel worker makes steel.
炼钢工人炼钢。
3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。
we often go to school two times a day.
我们常常一天两次去学校。
i went to the library once a week at least.
我一星期至少去一次图书馆。
the potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin.
土豆卖三毛钱一斤。
4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
a boy came to see you a moment ago.
刚才有一个小孩来找你。
i got this tool in a shop.
我在商店买的这件工具。
we need a car now.
我们现在需要一辆车。
she is ill, she has to see a doctor.
她病了，她得去看病。
5) 不定冠词用于某些词组。
a few 几个 a little 有点
she has a few friends in this city.
她在这个城市中有几个朋友。
there is a little milk in the bottle.
瓶子里有点牛奶。
only a few students are in the classroom.
只有几个学生在教室里。
定冠词的用法。
1) 定冠词特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。
the bag in the desk is mine.
桌子里的书包是我的。
is this the book you are looking for?
这是你要找的书吗?
do you know the man in back?
你知道穿黑色衣服的人是谁吗？
it is not the car we are looking for.
这不是我们要找的车。
the man has found his child.
那个人找到了他的孩子。
2) 定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物。
i bought a book from xinhua book-shop. the book costs 15 yuan.
我从新华书店买了一本书. 这本书值十五元。
i saw a film yesterday.the film was ended at eight o'clock.
我昨天看了一场电影。电影八点钟结束的。
lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found something was wrong with the radio.
露西昨天买了一台收音机，但是她发现收音机有问题。
3) 定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。
the sun the moon the earth
the sky the world the winter night
the sun is bigger than the moon.
太阳比月亮大。
i can see a bird in the sky.
我能看到天空中有一只小鸟。
i like to have a walk with the bright moon light in the evening.
我愿晚上在明亮的月光下散步。
4) 定冠词与单数名词连用,表示这一类人或物。
the dog is not too danger.
狗不太危险。
the cat is an animal.
猫是一种动物。
the umbrella in the shop is very cheap in this season.
这个季节商店里的雨伞很便宜。
5) 定冠词与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化, 表示某一类人。
the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.
the wounded were brought to the hospital.
受伤者被送到了医院。
he always helps the poor.
他经常帮助穷人。
the deaf can go to this special school.
耳聋者可以进这所特殊学校上学。
6) 用在序数词, 形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。
this is the biggest city in china i have ever visited.
这是我在中国参观的最大的城市。
i saw a plane coming from the east.
我看见一架飞机从东方飞来。
he is the last one to help me.
他不会来帮助我的。
7) 定冠词用在演奏乐器的名称和文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。
the little girl likes to play the violin.
小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。
they are going to the cinema tonight.
他们今晚要去影院看电影。
the theater was on fire last week.
剧院昨天着火了。
8) 定冠词用在报刊,杂志的名称的名词之前。
i am reading the china daily now.
我现在正读中国日报。
have you got the evening paper yet?
你拿到晚报了吗?
the times is a foreign newspaper.
泰晤士报是一家外国报纸。
the peking review is on the desk.
北京周报在桌子上放着。
9) 定冠词用在江河,海洋,山脉,群岛的名称之前。
we live near the yellow river.
我们住在黄河边上。
the changjiang river is the biggest one in china.
长江是中国最大的河。
the himalayas is located in tibet.
喜马拉雅山位于西藏。
10) 定冠词用在姓名复数之前,表示一家人。
the greens is very kind to us.
格林一家人待我们很好。
the whites like the classic music.
怀特一家喜欢古典音乐。
不用冠词的场合。
1) 专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词。
china is a largest country in the world.
中国是世界上最大的国家。
i think water is a kind of food, too.
我认为水也是一种食物。
cotton feels soft.
棉花摸起来柔软。
2) 表示日常餐食名词之前不用冠词,但如果指具体的饮食时用定冠词 the。
it's time for breakfast.
该吃早饭了。
what do you have for lunch?
你午饭吃点什么?
the dinner i had at that restaurant was expensive.
我在那家饭店吃的饭很贵。
3) 在季节,月份,星期,节日。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。
summer is hot and winter is cold here.
这儿夏天热冬天冷。
new year's day is coming.
新年就要到啦。
today is the first day of may.
今天是五月的第一天。
we are going to play basketball this afternoon.
今天下午我们要去打篮球。
we don't like bridge very much.
我们不太喜欢桥牌。
4)语言的名称前不用冠词。
can you speak english?
你会讲英语吗？
it's difficult to learn chinese well.
要学好中文很难。
tom knows english but he doesn't know french.
汤姆懂英语但不懂法语。
5) 某些固定词组不用冠词。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.
i'm going to chicago by air next week.
下周我要乘飞机去芝加哥。
i go to school on foot .
我步行去学校上学。
in fact, i don't know him at all.
实际上，我一点也不认识他。
he is at home today.
他今天在家。
2022年中考英语精品复习语法基础 第3篇
XX年中考英语精品复习语法基础
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
climbing mountain is a good exercise. (climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）
爬山是一项好运动。
do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ... 分词起形容词作用）
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗？
he gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用）
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
miss mary teaches us english.
玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）
mr.victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
（to have a talk.... 不定式作状语）
4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。
（动词用单数第三人称形式）
larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）
非谓语动词的特征：
3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
studying english is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。（studying 后跟宾语）
to help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）
4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）
it's too difficult for him to master
english in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）
5 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
i am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。
（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）
seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。
（seen from...是分词的被动形式）
6 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）
there are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。
(swimming 起形容词作用）
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一 般 to write to be written
进 行 to be writing /
完 成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现在分词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
过去分词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
分 词
分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。
working worked washing washed
分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。
分词作定语
china is a developing country.
中国是一个发展中国家。
that's an interesting story.
这是一个有趣的故事。
the girl singing for us is ten years old.
给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。
作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。
the working people have played a great role in the activity.
工人在这次活动中起主要作用。
the boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。
there is nothing interesting.
没什么有趣的事。
分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断， 有主谓关系的是分词， 否则判断为动名词。
a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）
a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （动名词）
分词作状语
being a student, he likes to help others.
作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。
wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。
she is there waiting for us.
她在那儿等我们呢。
told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.
经老师一说，她知道自己不对。
分词作表语
the story is interesting .
故事有趣。
we are interested in computer.
我们对计算机感兴趣。
the glass is broken.
玻璃杯破了。
the water is boiled.
水是开的。
分词作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。
i saw him walking in the street.
我看见他在街上走。
i heard them singing in the classroom.
我听见他们在教室里唱歌。
we found the boy sleeping.
我们发现小孩睡着了。
have 后面的宾语补足语用过去分词常表示动作不是句子的主语发出的，而是由别人做的。
i have my hair cut.
我理发了。（是别人给我理发）
she has her bike repaired.
她把自行车修理了。（别人修理的）
they have their house rebuilt.
他们重修了房子。
分词的否定形式。not + 分词
not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
不知道下一步干什么，她停下来等着。
not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.
小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。
分词的时态
分词的一般时表示动作同谓语动词的动作同时发生或之前发生。
seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
看到老师进来，学生们停下来不玩了。
coming into the room, he lied on his bed.
回到家后，他就躺在床上。
分词的完成时表示的动作在谓语动词的前面发生。
having received a latter, i knew everything is all right.
收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。
having had my supper, i went out for a walk.
晚饭后，我出去散步了。
having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
他知道自己比赛获胜，高兴地把帽子扔上了天。
分词的被动形式
分词的被动形式表示分词动作同所修饰的名词有一种被动关系。
the entertainment building being built will be completed next year.
正在建设的娱乐大楼明年完工。
2022年中考英语精品复习语法基础 第4篇
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如:
most of the students went to the classroom.
大部分学生去了教室。
we play basketball on the sports ground.
我们在操场上打蓝球。
介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。
belong to 属于 rely on 依靠
talk to 同...谈话 be afraid of 害怕
be strict with对...严格
介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
where do you come from?
你是哪儿人?
who are you talking to?
你在跟谁谈话呢?
what do you study for?
你为了什么而学习?
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:
about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
i have bought a book about shakespearean.
我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
there are about fifteen trees in the picture.
图片里大约有十五棵树。
above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.
the plane is flying above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
i think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多岁了。
across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.
can you swim across the river？
你能游过河吗？
we live across the street.
我们住在街的对面。
after 在...后面,依照.
he went home after school.
他放学后就回家了。
read after me, please.
请跟我朗读。
against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,
the car hit against the tree.
汽车撞了树。
he is standing against the wall.
他靠墙站着。
along 沿着,顺着.
they are walking along the river.
他们沿着河行走。
among 在...当中.
he is the tallest among them.
他是他们当中个子最高的。
around 在...的周围,在...那一边.
they sat around the table talking the news.
他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
there is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角处有一家药店。
as 作为.
he doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱,
he always gets up at six in the morning.
他时常早上六点钟起床。
he shot at the bird but missed it.
他向鸟射击，但是没射中。
the car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)
e took a picture before the car.
他在汽车前照了张照片。
he can't finish his work before supper.
晚饭前他完不成工作。
behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，
迟于,晚于(时间)
are there any brooms behind the door.
门后有扫帚吗？
all of us are behind him in mathematics.
我们数学都不如他。
below 在...之下,低于,
there are four lights below the ceiling.
天花板下面有四盏灯。
the murderer run away below the police's eyes.
杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.
he found the body by the river.
他在河边发现了尸体。
beside yours， my computer is too slow.
与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。
besides 除...之外,
we are all here besides bowe.
除鲍外，我们也都来了。
between 在...两者之间,
the relations between the two countries has improved since then.
两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。
beyond 在...那边,
the shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。
but 除去.
he has nothing but money.
他除钱以外什么都没有。
by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。
the classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室由学生们打扫干净了。
miss lucy came to china by air.
露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
down 沿着...望下。
she walked down the street.
她沿着街道走。
during 在...期间,在...时候。
during the holiday, we went to the south.
我们假期去了南方。
except 除...之外。
he knows nothing except english.
他除英语以外什么都不知道。
for 为..., 因为..., 至于... 。
he works for this company.
他为这家公司工作。
she came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
?
from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。
where are you from?
你是哪里人？
he died from an accident.
他死于一场事故。
in 在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。
he was born in 1992.
他生于1992年。
i could finish the program in two weeks.
我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
he spend less time in reading.
他读书时间很少。
the man in black jacket is our teacher.
穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
like 象...，如同...。
the twins are like their father.
双胞胎象他们的父亲。
near 靠近....。
there are some flowers near the house.
房子附近有一些花。
of ...的，属于...。
this is a map of china.
这是一张中国地图。
off 离开...，在...之外。
the young man got off the train quickly.
那个年青人很快下了火车。
i live in a village a little way off the main road.
我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。
on 在...之上。
my book is on the table.
我的书在桌子上。
out of 从...出来，在...之外。
the dog run out of the house.
狗从房子里跑出来。
outside ... 外边.
they are waiting outside the gate.
他们在门外等着。
over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越过...。
there is a light over the desk.
桌子上方有盏灯。
he is over sixty years old.
他有六十多岁。
past 越过...，过...，超越...。
the students walked past the post office.
学生们走过了邮局。
it is ten past two.
现在是两点十分。
round 围着...，绕过...，在...周围。
we sat round the table.
我们围着桌子坐下。
the earth goes round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
since 自... 以后，自...以来。
he has made great progress in english since he came into the college.
从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。
through 经过...，穿过...。
they went through the forest.
他们穿过了森林。
throughout 遍及...，在各处。
the police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.
警察搜山寻找犯人。
till 直到...，在...以前。
he didn't come back till eleven o'clock.
他直到十一点钟才回来。
we'll be home till six.
六点以前我们都会在家。
to 到...，向...，趋于。
how long is it from here to the station？
从这儿到车站有多远？
under 在...之下，低于。
there are some footballs under the bed.
床底下有几颗足球。
these students are under seventeen years old.
这些学生们不到十七岁。
until 直到，在...以前，
please wait for us until we come back.
请等着我们回来。
it was not until last week that i handed in mathematics paper.
直到上周，我才交了数学论文。
up 在...上面，在...上。
he went up the stairs.
他上了楼梯。
upon 在...之上，迫近...。
it's not polite to look down upon him.
蔑视他是不礼貌的。
within 在...之内。
you must finish the work within two weeks.
你必须两周内完成这项工作。
without 没有，不，在...之外。
we can't do it better without your help.
没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。
we couldn't live without air and water.
没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。
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