情态动词（精选16篇）
情态动词 第1篇
初三教学案
课题m5u3 语法复习 情态动词课型复习课
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目标归纳语法情态动词 巩固练习 情态动词
重点巩固练习 情态动词
难点归纳语法情态动词
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情态动词
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
1. can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 例如：can you lift this heavy box?（体力） mary can speak three languages.（知识） can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
例如： i’ll not be able to come this afternoon. （一般将来时）当表示“经过努力才得以 做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。如： he was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) 表示请求和允许。
例如：-----can i go now? ---yes, you can. / no, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，但could, might 并不表示过去式，只是语气更委婉。它们不能用于肯定句和答语中。
例如：--- could i come to see you tomorrow? -- yes, you can. (no, i’m afraid not.) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。例如： they’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
can this be true? this can’t be done by him. how can this be true?
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2. may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 例如：
----might/ may i smoke in this room? --- no, you mustn’t.
---- may/might i take this book out of the room?
--- yes, you can. (no, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 用may i...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用can i...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 例如：may you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 例如：he may /might be very busy now.
your mother may /might not know the truth.
3. must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。例如： you must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）。
例如： -- must we hand in our exercise books today? --- yes, you must. --- no, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。
例如：his play isn’t interesting, i really must go now. i had to work when i was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）例如： you’re tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. your mother must be waiting for you now.
4. dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。例如： how dare you say i’m unfair?
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
例如：you needn’t come so early. ---- need i finish the work today? --- yes, you must. / no, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
例如：i dare to swim across this river. he doesn’t dare (to) answer.
5. shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 例如：what shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 you shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告) he shall have the book when i finish it.(允诺) he shall be punished.(威胁 )
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6. will, would
1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
例如： will / would you pa ss me the ball, please?
2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。例如： i will never do that again. they asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
例如： during the vacation, he would visit me every other day. the wound would not heal.
7. sho uld, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比s hould语气重。
i should help her because she is in trouble. you ought to take care of the baby.
2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
you should / ought to go to class right away.
should i open the window?
3) 表示推测
should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
he must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
he ought to/should be hom e by now.(不太肯定)
this is where the oil must be. (直爽)
this is where the oil ought to/should be. (含蓄)
一，选用can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, would, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t或have to
1. there is air around us, thought we ________ see it.
2. your mother is getting better and better. you _______ worry about her.
3. you _______ play football in the busy street.
4. “_______ it be true ?.” “yes. it _______ be true indeed.”
5. tom _______ come to the party tonight, but i’m not sure.
6. _______ you please fetch me some water for me?
7. young trees ________ be planted in spring.
8. “must we hand in our exercise books today?”
“yes, you ______.” “no, you ________.”
9. “may i take this magazine out of the reading-room?”
“yes, you _______.” “no, you _______.”
10. please speak a little louder so that i _______ hear you.
二1. if you are not careful in the street, a car ______ hit you.
a. can b. may c. would d. must
2. –may i watch tv now, mum?
-no, you _____. you _____ do your homework first.
a. don’t; must b. don’t; can’t c. can’t; must d. can’t; can
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︶3. –mr. john, we must hand in our work today, ______?
-no, you ______. but you must bring it to school tomorrow.
a. needn’t we; mustn’t b. mustn’t we; needn’t
c. mustn’t you; mustn’t d. needn’t we; needn’t
4. he isn’t in the school. i think he ______ be ill. a. can b. shall c. must
5. children ______ play on the road or in the street. it is dangerous.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. needn’t
6. even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem, so it _____be very difficult. a. may b. must c. can d. need
7. –can you ride a bike? -no, i _____.
a. may not b. can’t c. needn’t d. mustn’t
8. –must i return the book this morning?
-no, you _____. but you ______ return it before supper.
a. needn’t; must b. mustn’t; can c. mustn’t; may d. can’t; need
9. you ____ to go and see the doctor right now.
a. must b. should c. have d. will
10. don’t play with the knife. you ______ hurt yourself.
a. may b. should c. have to d. need
三，1. what _____ i do for you, madam?
a. may b. must c. can d. will
2. you’re made the same mistake again. how _____ you be so careless!
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
3. peter _____ come with us this afternoon, but he isn’t very sure yet.
a. shall b. may c. can d. must
4. don’t worry! the news _____ be true.
a. may not b. mustn’t c. will not d. needn’t
5. the traffic _____ stop when the lights are red in the street.
a. can’t b. don’t have to c. mustn’t d. must
6. –look! it _____ be the new headmaster.
-it _____ be him. he went to beijing yesterday.
a. can; mustn’t b. can; can’t c. must; can’t d. must; may
7. ______ i close the window? it’s so cold here.
a. must b. will c. need d. shall
8.you ___ return the bike now. you can keep it till tomorrow if you like.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. may not
9.you _____ yourself about money. a. needn’t worry b. needn’t to worry c. don’t need worry d. needn’t be worry
10.many people want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside?
a. do b. will c. need d. shall
11.____ i ask your name, please? a. will b. shall c. may d. must
12.you _____ do it even if you don’t want to.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. have to d. needn’t
13.i _____ like someone to take me to the museum.
a. will b. would c. shall d. need
14.look, what you have done! you _____ more careful.
a. may be b. had to c. should be d. should感悟反思：
情态动词 第2篇
h.dare
dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，指勇气和胆量上的可能，可译为“敢”。
1.情态动词dare
①dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。
i dare not daren't walk through the forest at night.
我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。
--- dare you walk through the forest at night
你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗？
--- yes, i dare.
是的，我敢。
--- no, i daren't.
不，我不敢。
he dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.
下雨天他不敢开得太快。
he dared not do it last year.
去年他不敢做这事。（dare的过去时为dared）
②可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。
i wonder how he dare say such things.
我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。
we don't know whether he dare climb the mountain.
我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。
③可以用于条件状语从句中。
if the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.
如果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。
if you dare cheat in your exam, i will give you some punishment.
如果你们敢在考试中作弊，我就惩罚你们。
2.行为动词dare
① dare可以作为行为动词，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑问句和否定句中
he will dare any danger.
他敢面对任何危险。
he dared me to jump over the stream.
他激我跳过小溪。
did anyone dare to admit it
有人敢于承认吗？
i have never dared (to) go back to take a look.
我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定句中to可省略）
②和其他行为动词一样，dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。
he doesn't dare to walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）
he daren't walk at night.
他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）
does he dare to walk at night
他敢走夜路吗？（作行为动词）
dare he walk at night
他敢走夜路吗？（作情态动词）
he didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）
he daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.
XX年前他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）
will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow
明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作行为动词）
dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？
明天你敢做同样的实验吗？ （作情态动词）
必背：
英语口语中dare的几个常用结构：
● i dare say...
我想, 大概, 可能, 或许……
i dare say things will improve.
我想情况会好转的。
● how dare you ...
你怎么敢……？
how dare you ask me such a question
你怎么敢问我这样的问题？
● i dare you ...
我谅你也不敢……
i dare you to tell your parents!
我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！
i.need
1.情态动词need
need 和dare一样，作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句中（在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代）。作为情态动词，它的词形只有need一种形式。
you needn't return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like. 你现在不必还书，如果愿意，你可以下周还。（needn't = don't have to）
need i hand in my homework now
我现在就要交家庭作业吗？
--- need he finish the article next week
他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗？
--- yes, he must.
是的，他必须完成。
--- no, he needn't.
不，他不需要。（= he doesn't have to）
2.行为动词need
need和dare一样，也可以作行为动词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。
plant needs water.
植物需要水。
my shirt needs a button.
我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。
my car needs repairing.
我的车该修理了。
he has grown up. we don't need to worry about him.
他已经长大了，我们不必为他担心。
you don't need to buy so many things for the picnic.
你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。
patience is needed for that job.
干那工作，需要耐心。
提示：
need作为情态动态时，不要用于肯定句中。
【误】she need do her homework by herself. (need作为情态动词时，不用于肯定句中)
【正】she needs to do her homework by herself.
她该独立完成家庭作业。
情态动词 第3篇
a. may和might
1.表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。
在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。
you may take this seat if you like.
如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。
maycan could might i have a talk with you
我可以和你谈谈吗？
--- maymight i come into the room to see my mother
我可以进房间看我母亲吗？
--- no, you mustn't. she needs to have a good rest.
不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。
提示：
may i ... 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。
肯定回答
yes, please.
certainly.
yes, of course.
sure.
go ahead, please.
否定回答
no, you can't. （最常见）
no, you mustn't. （具有强烈禁止的意思）
please don't. you'd better not.
i don't think you can.
i'm sorry it's not allowed.
2.表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。
your math teacher maymight be in his office. 你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）
the light isn't on. it maymight be broken.
那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。
there may might be some ink left in the bottle.
瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。
注意：
用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。
can he be at home
他可能在家吗？
--- can it be true
这可能是真的吗？
--- it may be, or may not be.
可能是，也可能不是。
3.用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。
he wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.
他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。
i arrived at the airport earlier in order that i might meet him.
我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。
4. 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。
may you succeed.
祝你成功
may you be happy.
祝你快乐。
may that day come soon.
希望这一天早日到来。
b. can和could
1. 表示能力，可译为“能，会”。
i can swim. 我会游泳。
emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.
艾米丽舞跳得很好，她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。
the cinema can seat 1,000 people.
这电影院能容纳1，000人。
i could not read such an easy book when i was 7 years old.
我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。
2. 表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。
--- could i use your dictionary
我可以用一下你的字典吗？
---yes, go ahead.
可以，用吧。（或yes, you can. 但不能说yes, you could.）
could can you tell me how to get to the zoo
劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？
he asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。
3.表示推测，可用于肯定句（can罕见）、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。
can he be ill at home
他会是生病在家吗？
can the story be true
这个故事会是真的吗？
he cannot be at home.
他不可能在家。
you mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. you could start a fire.
在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
how can you be so careless
你怎么这么粗心？
where can could they have gone
他们会去了哪里？
he can'tcouldn't be over sixty.
他不可能超过60岁。
5.could可以用在虚拟条件句中。
if i could fly, i should be very happy.
如果我能飞， 我会很高兴。
if you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.
如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。
if you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.
如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。
6.can与be able to的区别
①can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。
【正】can you speak any foreign languages
你会说外语吗？
【正】are you able to speak any foreign languages
你会说外语吗？
【误】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.
【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。
【正】the fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape.
大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都想法逃了出来。
②be able to 比can有更多形式。
no one could answer the question.
没人能回答这个问题。（这里could可用was able to 代替）
when he grows up, he will be able to support his family.
他长大后就能养家了。
frank is ill. he hasn't been able to go to school for one week.
弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。
i'm sorry for not being able to help you in time.
对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。
③could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。
when we went into the house, we could smell something burning.
当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to）
she spoke in a very low voice, but i could understand what she said.
虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。
④在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。
【误】look! i'm able to swim.
【正】look! i can swim.
看，我会游泳了！
c.must和have to
1.must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。
everyone must obey the rule.
人人都必须遵守制度。
we must do everything step by step.
我们必须逐步做每件事。
teachers must be patient enough with their students.
老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。
2.have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。
you can't turn right here. you have to turn left.
你不能在这里右拐，你必须左拐。
my eyesight is very poor. i have to wear glasses for reading.
我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。
you have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence.
你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。
提示：
在口语中，我们可以使用have got to来代替have to.
i've got to work on sunday.
我不得不星期天工作。
when has ann got to go
安必须什么时候走？
3.must 与have to的比较。
must 与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。
①must含有说话者的强烈决意（表示主观的看法），have to 则表示外力环境或习惯使然（即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解）。
i must study hard.
我必须努力学习。（发自内心的决定）
i have to study hard.
我不得不努力学习。（外界因素逼迫）
you must stay for supper.
你必须留下来吃晚饭。（because i want you to）
you have to stay for supper.
你得留下来吃晚饭。（because there is nowhere else to go）
②must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。
they had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.
由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。
these last two days he has had to take a rest at home.
这两天他必须一直在家休息。
③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同。
you must keep it a secret. you mustn't tell anyone.
你必须保密，你不可以告诉任何人。（mustn't表示“禁止”）
you don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告诉我这个秘密。
（don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to）
4.must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。
①must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词) ，表示对现在状态的推测。
he must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.
他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。
carol must get very bored with her job. she does the same thing every day.
卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事。
②must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。
put on more clothes. you must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。
③must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。
the ground is wet. it must have rained last night.
地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。
i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep.
我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。
提示：
must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。
he's just had his lunch. he can't be hungry already.
他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。
they have just arrived here. they can't know many people.
他们刚到这里，不可能认识很多人。
leslie walked past me without speaking. he can'tcouldn't have seen me.
莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼，他肯定没看见我。
5.must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。
we all must die.
我们都会死。
truth must be out.
真相必然会大白的。
winter must be followed by spring.
冬天到了，春天还会远吗？
6.must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。
why must it rain today
为什么偏偏在今天下雨？
when i was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。
情态动词 第4篇
XX高考二轮复习英语学案专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气
【典例精析】
1.（ 全国卷ii， 8） _______ he had not hurt his leg, john would have won the race.
a. if b. since c. though d. when
【解析】a 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。
2.（山东卷, 24） thank you for all your hard work last week. i don’t think we ____ it without you.
a. can manage b. could have managed
c. could manage d. can have managed
【解析】 b 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。i don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。
【答案】b
3（09福建）. but for the help of my english teacher, i____the first prize in the english writing competition.
a. would not win b. would not have won c. would win d. would have won
【答案】b 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选b。
4.（09湖南）— it’s the office! so you _____ know eating is not allowed here.
— oh, sorry.
a. must b. will c. may d. need
【解析】a 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。
5.（09海南）what do you mean, there are only ten tickets? there _____ be twelve
a. should b. would c. will d. shall
【答案】a。 你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。
6.（09上海）it_____ have been tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
a. may b. can c. must d. should
【解析】c 考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测，故答案选c。
7.（09四川）—i don’t care what people think.
—well, you _______
a. could b. would c. should d. might
【解析】c考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：c
8.（09天津）this printer is of good quality. if it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
a. would b. should c. could d. might
【解析】b 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设，条件从句可以用should+v.原形；
9.（09重庆）—hi, tom. any idea where jane is?
—she_____in the classroom. i saw her there just now.
a. shall be b. should have been c. must be d. might have been
【答案】c 考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的just now暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测，故答案为c.
10.（09全国2）i can’t leave. she told me that i______stay here until she comes back.
a. can b. must c. will d. may
【解析】b 考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的i can’t leave.推知我必须呆在这里，故答案为b。
11.（09江苏）11. he did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.
a. could express b. would express
c. could have expressed d. must have expressed
【解析】c 考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦，故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同，答案为c符合。
【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分，情态动词表示推测的考查，虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查，这些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手，具体说：
1.根据时间确定时态、时间段
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式；判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。
2.充分利用句子语境、语义
综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。
3.注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。
4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况，正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。
5.掌握固定句式，从固定句式着手，套用虚拟语气句型。
1.—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.
—thanks. you _________it. i could manage it myself.
a. needn’t do b. needn’t have done
c. mustn’t do d. shouldn’t have done
【解析】b 句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选a还是b呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
2. this cake is very sweet. you _________ a lot of sugar in it.
a. should put b. could have put c. might put d. must have put
【解析】d前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
3. —the woman biologist stayed in africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— oh, dear! she _________ a lot of difficulties!
a. may go through b. might go through
c. ought to have gone through d. must have gone through
【解析】d由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物XX年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
4. helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
a. shall b. must c. may d. can
【解析】c由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
5. —i’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—it _________ harry’s. he always wears green.
a. has to be b. will be c. mustn’t be d. could be
【解析】d 后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
6. —do you know where david is? i couldn’t find him anywhere.
—well. he _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
a. shouldn’t b. mustn’t c. can’t d. wouldn’t
分析：答案选c。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t
5. he paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.
a. could b. would c. must d. need
【解析】a could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
6. —lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—she _________. i’ve already borrowed one.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
【解析】c 既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
7.the world wide web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it _________be very slow.
a. shouldb. mustc. will d. can
【解析】 d在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
8. zhang lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of beijing university .
a.would have been b.should be c.has been d.had been
【解析】a otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反，主句用 would have done。
9. ---your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.
----that's right， or she ________ the first place in her school in the college entrance examination.
a. devoted; wouldn't have taken b. spent; wouldn't have taken
c. had devoted; hadn't taken d. had spent; couldn't take
【解析】a devote … to 为固定搭配，因此第一个空应从ac选。or 翻译成“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise，引起句子运用虚拟语气，主句用 would have done。
10.—any information about your son?
—no. if only i ______ those tough words to him.
a.didn't say b.hadn't said
c.shouldn't have said d.couldn't have said
【解析】b if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。
11. it is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.
a. would b. should c. will d. can
【解析】b it is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 从句中，从句运用should跟动词原形。
12. john’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.
a. be, should have b. was, have c. should be, had d. was, has
【解析】b suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而表示“建议”时，要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知，答案为b
13. but for the leadership of our party and our government, we __________ these splendid results.
a.have achieved b.shouldn’t have achieved
c.should have achieved d.would achieve
【解析】b but for 相当于without，可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去，与过去事实相反。
14. --where have you been?
--i_______in the heavy traffic. otherwise i______here earlier.
a. got stuck; would have come b. got stuck; was
c. have got stuck; would have come d. had got stuck; would come
【解析】a 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去，第一空用一般过去时，排除cd，第二空为与过去事实相反，故选a
15.he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
a. had scored b. scored c. would score d. would have scored
【解析】d 这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 .
【学法导航】考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点：
1.掌握情态动词的基本用法；2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词；3.把握常用情态动词句式；
4.学生要明确所叙述的内容不可能发生或发生的可能性很小时，要用虚拟语气；
5.把握虚拟语气的常用句式； 6.正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气，如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
7.注意虚拟语气中的倒装句，如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后
8.分清含蓄条件句，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过用其他词来代替条件句，常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等
9. 掌握在表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。 从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。
10.掌握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气。
【专题综合】1. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
a. breaks b. has broken
c. were broken d. had been broken
2. but for the help you gave me, i _______ the examinations.
a. would have passed b. would pass
c. wouldn’t have passed d. wouldn’t pass
3. i forget where i read the article, or i _____ it to you now.
a. will show b. would show c. am going to show d. am showing
4. “it looks as if he were drunk.” “so it does. _____.”
a. he’d better give up drinking b. he shouldn’t have drunk so much
c. health is more important than drink d. i wonder why he is always doing so
5. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
a. do b. are c. will d. would
6. “he will come tomorrow.” “but i’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
a. will come b. is coming c. came d. had come
7. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
a. should be; be operated on b. were; must be operated on
c. was; should be operated d. was; be operated on
8. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
a. was he given up b. had he given up c. did he give d. if he gave up
9. “i still haven’t thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “it’s time you _____.”
a. do b. did c. had d. would
10. “do you know his address？” “no, i also wish i _____ where he _____.”
a. knew, live b. knew, lives c. know, lives d. know, lived
11. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.
a. wouldn’t have fallen b. had not fallen
c. should fall d. were to fall
12. without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldly
c. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly
13. look at the trouble i am in! if only i _____your dvice.
a. followed b. would follow c. had followed d. should follow
14. ---- don't you think it necessary that he _______ to miami but to new york?
---- i agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.
a. will not be sent; that b. not be sent; that
c. should not be sent; what d. should not send; what
15. if i____plan to do anything i wanted to ,i’d like to go to tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
a.would b.could c.had to d.ought to
16. ____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be
17. if it were not for the fact that she_______sing, i would invite her to the party.
a.couldn’t b.shouldn’t c.can’t d.might not
18. after hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.
a. won’t b. shouldn’t c. wouldn’t d. couldn’t
19. you ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important.
a. must b. needn’t c. cannot d. need
20. he _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.
a. might choose b. might have chosen c. had to choose d. must have chosen
参考答案和解析
1.【解析】c as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.
2.【解析】c but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选c.
3.【解析】b根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if i didn’t forget where i read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
4.【解析】d关键信息是it looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是d.
5.【解析】d 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选d.
6.【解析】c 按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
7.【解析】d insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选d最合适。
8.【解析】b是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像d项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
9.【解析】b it’s time you did 为 it’s time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
10.【解析】b第一空填 knew，因为 i wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 i wish 的内容。
11.【解析】b 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 melinda cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
12.【解析】a without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
13.【解析】c if only 意为“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反
14.【解析】b本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在it is necessary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。that没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。
15.【解析】b考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选b。其他选项不符合题意。
16.【解析】 b 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。
17.【解析】c虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况， 故不用虚拟语气。
18.【解析】c,表示机器什么的不能工作了。是一种关于性能方面的，很固定的用法。
19.【解析】c can not too...to 是词组，意思是就算怎么样也不过分。
20.【解析】b可是根据句子的意思。must have chosen 是本来肯定会------，故答案为b。
情态动词 第5篇
第九章 情态动词
我们使用语言有时需要提出要求、意向或建议，有时需要表达我们的愿望和打算。我们也可能想更礼貌一些，更得体一些。为了表达上述意义我们需要一组叫情态动词的动词。情态动词有时又叫情态助动词。情态动词本身虽有一定词义，但不能独立用作谓语、也没有人称和数的变化，其后一定要跟随动词原形，共同构成复合谓语。
一、情态动词的特点及形式
情态动词是用于表示说话人的某种感情或语气的词类，有自己的词义，但是不能单独作谓语 ，而必须与其他原形动词共同构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化(因此单数第三人称不加s)，有过去式，但无分词形式。
经常使用的情态动词有：can, may, must, ought to, will, shall, would, should, need , dare等。它们的不同形式分别表示请求、允诺、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒绝等情感和态度。
例如：
you may come in now.
你现在可以进来。(表示“许可”)
the schoolbag can hold so many books.
这个书包能装下这么多的书。(表示“能够”)
you must be here on time.
你必须准时到这儿。(表示“必须”)
you mustn't make a friend with such a man.
你绝不能与这样的人交朋友。(表示“禁止”)
二、情态动词的用法
1.can, could, be able to
(1)can表示能力，其疑问形式表示请求，其否定形式常表示猜测。can只有现在时和过去时 两种形式，其他时态只能用be able to进行表达。
can i sit here?
我可以坐在这里吗?(表示“请求”)
she could play the violin well when she was a little girl. (表示“过去的能力”)
她很小的时候就能出色地演奏小提琴了。
they have not been able to beat the brazilian team.
他们没有能够打败巴西队。(完成时用be able to表示)
she can't be there now.
她现在不可能在那里。(表示“猜测”)
(2)could用于疑问句，表示比can更为客气的语气；could用于肯定句可以表示没有多大把握 的猜测或表示过去曾有过的能力；could还可用于虚拟语 气表示与现在情况相反的假设。
could i sit here?
我可以坐在这里吗?(比can更为客气的请求)
she could be serious, but i don't think so.
她可能是认真的，但我不这样认为。
we wish we could go to the moon like the two americans.
我们要是能像那两个美国人一样也去月球看看多好啊。(虚拟语气)
she could type 100 words within one minute in her twenties.
她二十多岁的时候，能够在一分钟之内打一百个字。(表示过去的能力)
(3)was (were) able to与could的区别是表示不但有能力，而且曾经做过某件事情。
he was able to swim across the yangtze river last summer.
他去年夏天能够游过长江。
he was able to leave germany for america during the world war 2.
在二战期间，他设法离开德国去了美国。
2.may， might
may用于陈述句表示“可以”，“允许”的意思；还可以表示“可能”。例如：
you may sit down.
你可以坐下。(表示“允许”)
you may be correct.
你可能是正确的。(表示“猜测”)
may用于疑问句表示“请求”；用于否定句表示说话人“不允许”，“不许可”。
may i take the dictionary away?
我可以把这本词典拿走吗?(表示“请求”)
you may not take it away.
=i don't want you to take it away.
我不允许你把它拿走。(表示“拒绝”)
注意：may引导的疑问句，肯定回答用：yes, you may.否定回答用： no, you mustn't. (no, you can't或no, you had better not.)表示“千万不要”，“不可 以”，“禁止”的意思。
may i come in?
我可以进来吗?
yes, please. no, you mustn't.
请进。 不，不行。
might(could)用于一般现在时，表示更为委婉和礼貌的语气。
i'm afraid it might rain this evening.
我看今晚恐怕要下雨。
might i ask a question?
我可以提个问题吗?
might可用于表示与现在的事实相反情况的虚拟语气。
if the boy were older, he might understand.
要是这孩子年龄再大一些，他就可能懂了。
if i were you, i might finish it earlier.
如果我是你，我会更早一些干完这件事。
may和 might用于从句中表示目的，意为“以便能……”、“使……可以”。he wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.他把我的地址写下来了，以便能记住。
3.must, have to
must强调个人的意志和主观的决心，意为“一定，必须”； have to侧重于客观上 的必要，强调客观条件作用的结果，意为“务必，不得不”。如果用于过去时或将来时 ，要用have to来代替，但must可用于间接引语，表示过去的必要和义务。
you must stop smoking.
你必须把烟戒掉。(强调主观意志)
you must complete the painting before next friday.
你必须在下星期五以前完成这幅画。(强调主观)
i have to stop the car and wait for the policeman.
我不得不停车等那个警察。(强调客观)
there was little time left and she had to drive quickly to the airport.
剩下的时间不多了，她只得开快点赶往机场。(用于一般过去时)
you'll have to wait for me for a little while tomorrow.
你明天得稍微等我一会儿。(用于将来时)
she said she must do well in her english.
她说她必须要把英语学好。(用于间接引语)
must构成的疑问句，回答的否定形式经常是needn't或don't have to，意为“不必要”，“不用……”，而不说mustn't(除非特别强调)。
must i hand it in before five?
我必须在五点钟以前把它交上去吗?
yes, you must. no, you needn't.
是的，必须交。 不，用不着。
must的肯定句，还经常用于表示推测。
he must be at home.
他肯定在家里呢。(对现在情况的推测)
they must have gone back to their hometown.
他们一定是回老家去了。(对过去的事的推测)
they must be repairing your car at the garage.
他们肯定在车间修你的车呢。(对现在的行为的推测)
4.need
need可以作情态动词使用，也可作行为动词使用。
作为情态动词使用，need没有时态与人称的变化，并且多在否定句，疑问句和条件句中使 用，含义为“需要，必须”。
you need not hand in the exercise today.
你不必今天交作业。(=i don't think you need hand in the exercise today.)
need we find time to go into the question?
要不要我们找时间把这个问题深入研究一下?
(=do you think we need find time to go into the question?)
if you need repair your car, come to me.
如果你需要修车，就来找我。
need 作情态动词时的用法，情态need 表需要，没有时态、数、人称，其后直接跟动词，用于疑问和否定。
注意：①need作为情态动词，一般不在肯定句中使用。在肯定句 中通常用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如：
need i tell mr. li about it?
我是否需要把这件事情告诉李先生?
(否定回答)no, you needn't.
不，没有必要。
(肯定回答)yes, you must. you must tell him about it.
是的，你必须把这件事情告诉他。
②这里“need i...?”与“must i...?”在意思上差别不大，因此回答也是一样的，肯定为 must，否定用needn't。
③needn't+ have done表示“做了本不需要做的事”。例如：
you needn't have completed so many exercises.
你本来不必完成这么多习题。(实际已经做完了)
she need't have gone there with him.
她本来没有必要和他一块去那里。(实际已去了)
need作实义动词(或称行为动词)使用时，其句型变化与其他行为动词一样，要加助动词do , does, did等等。例如：
i need your help.
我需要你的帮助。
do you need anything to eat?
你要不要吃点东西?
she doesn't need to take any medicine.
她不需要吃药。
注意：
need作为动词使用，宾语可以是动名词或不定式；动名词用主动形式，而不定式一定要接用被动形式。例如：
this car needs repairing.
(=this car needs to be repaired.)
这辆汽车需要修理。
does this shirt need washing?
(=does this shirt need to be washed?）
这件衬衣需要洗吗?
5.should， would
should后接原形动词表示应该做某事或承担责任、义务；should还可以表示一种推测。
例如：
you should work harder and pass the exam.
你应该更加努力，通过考试。(表示应该)
he should brush his teeth before going to bed.
他应该睡觉以前把牙刷一下。(表示应该)
she should have arrived in hong kong by this time.
她这时候已经到香港了。(表示推测)
the book is written by a famous professor, so it should be selling well.
(表示推测)
这本书是一位著名教授写的，应该很有卖点。
would有两种用法：
①多用于一般现在时，表示比will更为婉转的请求。
②用于一般过去时，表示过去的习惯性行为。
例如：
would you like a cup of tea?
来一杯茶好吗?(婉转的请求)
would you show me the way to the post office?
请告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗?(请求)
when even they came to see him, they would bring him a lot of farm products.
无论何时他们来看他，总会给他带来许多农产品。(表示过去的习惯)
each time he passed the food shop, he would buy some chocol ate for his daughter.
每次路过食品店，他都会给女儿买些巧克力。(表示过去的习惯)
6.would， used to
would和used to都表示过去的习惯和过去反复发生的动作，但would只强调过去的情况，后 面通常接表示动作的动词不能接表示状态的动词。而used to强调过去的情况与现在的情况 的对比，说明现在情况不同了。
each time his mother's birthday came, he would buy her a present .
每次到他母亲生日的时候，他都要给她买一件礼物。(表示过去的习惯)
my father used to go to the office by bike when he was young.
我父亲年轻的时候总是骑车去上班。(现在不是这样了)
when he had a meal at this restaurant, he would sit at the table by the window.
当他在这家餐厅吃饭时，总是坐在靠窗的桌子边。(过去的习惯)
he used to drink so much when he lost his job.
当他失业时，他酗酒很厉害。(现在不酗酒了)
比较：must, may和might用于表示猜测的区别：
must表示最大的可能性，意思是“必定，一定，肯定”；
do you notice the way the man speaks? he must be a business man.
你注意到这个人说话的方式了吗?他一定是一个商人。
look at the fire over there! something must be happening to mr. cameron's house.
看那边的大火!肯定是卡梅隆家出事了。
someone must have told you the news yesterday.
昨天一定是有人已经告诉了你这个消息。
may表示的可能性小于must，意为“可能”。
the opportunity may come at any time.
机会可能会随时到来的。
go to miss li and she may help you with it.
去找李老师，她可能会帮助你解决此事。
your parents may know nothing about it.
你父母对此可能一无所知。
might表示的可能性最小，意为“也许，大概”。might表示可能性，不含有过去时的意思。
they might be at susan's house.
他们也许都在苏姗家呢。
your mother might be angry with you.
你妈妈大概生你的气了。
mr. cameron might refuse to attend the meeting today.
卡梅隆先生今天可能会拒绝出席会议。
7.dare
dare作为情态动词，意为“敢于，敢做……”，多用在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。
例如：
the girl dare not stay here alone in this empty house.
这个姑娘不敢独自一人呆在这所空房子里。
dare you swim across the river?
你敢游到河那边去吗?
how dare you do such a thing?
你怎么敢做这样的事情?
i don't know if she dare say that to him.
我不知道她敢不敢跟他说那话。
三、情态动词+have+ done的用法
1. must have done与can't (couldn't) have done
must have done用于表示对过去的肯定推测，只能用于肯定句，表示“一定……，肯定已经 ……”；而can't (couldn't) have done用于表示对过去的否定的推测，用于否定句， 表示“不可能……”。
look at your school report. you must have made a lot of mistakes in your test papers.
看看你的成绩单。你一定是在试卷上出了好多错。
she suddenly fell down on her way to school, she must have been ill.
她在去上学的路上突然摔倒了，肯定是生病了。
he can't have been in his office this time yesterday.
昨天这个时间他不可能在他的办公室里。
she couldn't have seen me because i wasn't there at all yesterday.
昨天她不可能看见我，因为我根本没在那里。
2.may (might) have done
该结构只用于肯定句或否定句之中，表示对过去情况的猜测，意为“也许”，“已经”，“ 本来可以”等。其否定形式含义为“大概不会”，“可能不是”等。而疑问句形式要用can 或could来 提问。
he may have arrived in america by now.
到这时候他可能已经到达美国了。
i might have told you about the things earlier.
我本来可以早一些告诉你这些情况的。
i might have lent him more money when he came to me.
当他来找我时，我本可以多借给他一些钱。
could he have returned it?
他不会不还这些钱吧?
3.ought to have done与should have done
这两种结构都表示过去必须做的事而没做，含有“本来应该怎样”的意思。
you ought to have gone into this question earlier.
你本来应该再早一些深入研究一下这个问题。
they ought to have prepared the work for the meeting more carefully.
他们本该把会议工作准备得更充分一些。
he should have done better in the car race.
他本应该在汽车大赛之中表现得更好一些。
we should have climbed up to the top of the mountain.
我们本来应该爬到山顶的。
4.needn't have done
该结构表示过去不需要做的事情，但却已经做了，含有“本来不必怎样”的意思。
you needn't have done it instead of him yesterday.
你昨天原本不必替他做那件事情的。
he needn't have given her so much money at that time.
那时他本来不必给她那么多的钱。
there were plenty of time, she needn't have hurried.
时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙
情态动词 第6篇
1. sorry i’m late. i ____have turned off the alarm clock andgone back to sleep again.
a.mightb. shouldc.cand.will
2.----write to me when you get home.
----________.
a. i mustb.i should c.i will d.i can
3.i was really anxious about you . you ______home without aword.
a. mustn’tleaveb.shouldn’t haveleft
c. couldn’t have leftd. needn’tleave
4. --------i hear you’ve got a set of valuable coins. ______ ihave a look?
-------- yes, certainly.
a. dob.mayc.shalld.should
5. oh, i’m not feeling well in the stomach . i_____ so muchfried chicken just now.
a. shouldn’teatb. mustn’thave eaten
c. shouldn’t haveeaten d. mustn’t eat
6. -------i heard they went skiing in the mountains lastwinter.
-----it _______true because there was littlesnow there.
a. may notbe b. won’tbe c.couldn’t be d. mustn’t be
7. -------the room is so dirty ._____we clean it?
-------of course.
a. willb.shallc.wouldd. do
8. my dictionary has disappeared. who _____have taken it?
a. shouldb.mustc.could d.would
9. i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i ____report it to the police ?
a. shouldb.mayc.willd. can
10.mr. white ______at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t showup.
a. should have arrived b.shouldarrive
c. should have had arrivedd. should be arriving
11.----isn’t that ann’s husband over there ?
-----no, it _____ be him. i’m sure he doesn’twear glasses.
a.can’tb. must notc. won’t d.may not
12.------tom graduated from college at a very young age.
----- oh, he _____ havebeen a very smart boy then.
a.could b.shouldc.might d.must
13.------- i don’t mind telling you what i know.
--------you _____. i’m not asking you forit.
a. mustn’t b. maynot c.can’t d. needn’t
14. -----who is the girl standing over there?
------- well, if you _____know, her name ismabel.
a. may b.can c.must d. shall
15.----i’ll tell mary about her new job tomorrow.
-----you _____her last week.
a. ought to tellb. would havetold
c. musttelld.should have told
16. （福建卷）it is usually warm in my hometown in march， but it_____ be rather cold sometime。
a. mustb. canc.shouldd.would
17.（湖南卷）you don't have to know the name of the author tofind a book. you _____ find the book by the title。
a. mustb. needc.cand.would
18.（江苏卷）
—i'm sorry. i ______ at you the other day。
—forget it. i was a bit out of control myself。
a. shouldn't shoutb. shouldn't have shouted
c. mustn't shoutc.mustn't have shouted
19（山东卷） thank you for all your hard work last week. i don'tthink we ______ it without you。
a. can manageb.could have managed
c. couldmanaged. can have managed
20（江西卷） what a pity. considering his ability and experience，he ____ better。
a. need have doneb.must have done
c. can have doned.might have done
21（辽宁卷） peter ______ be really difficult at times eventhough he's a nice person in general。
a. shallb.should c.cand. must
22（全国ii） liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- shehates traveling。
a. willb. canc.mustd. may
23（陕西卷）
—what sort of house do you want to have？ something big？
—well， it _________ be big--that's not important。
a. mustn't b. needn'tc.can'td. won't
24（四川卷） although this ____ sound like a simple task， greatcare is needed。
a. mustb.mayc. shalld.should
25（浙江卷） you ______ be hungry already — you had lunch onlytwo hours ago！
a. wouldn't b. can'tc.mustn'td.needn't
26（09安徽） some people who don’t like to talk much are notnecessarily shy；theyjustbe quiet people.
a.mustb. mayc.shouldd. would
27（09北京）one of the few things you ____ say about english peoplewith certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
a. need b.must c.should d.can
28（09福建）. but for the help of my english teacher,ithe first prize in the english writing competition.
a. would not winb. would not havewon
c. wouldwind. would havewon
29（09湖南）
— it’s the office! so youknoweating is not allowed here.
— oh, sorry.
a. mustb. will c. may d. need
30（09海南） what do you mean, there are only ten tickets?therebe twelve
a. shouldb. would c.willd. shall
31（09上海）it_____ have been tom that parked the car here, as he isthe only one with a car.
a.mayb.canc. mustd.should
32（09四川）—i don’t care what people think.
—well, you _______
a.couldb. would c.shouldd. might
33（09天津）this printer is of good quality. if it _______ breakdown within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
a.wouldb.shouldc.couldd. might
34（09重庆）—hi, tom.anyideawherejaneis?
—she_____intheclassroom.isawhertherejustnow.
a.shallbeb.shouldhavebeen
c.mustbed. mighthavebeen
35（09全国2）10. i can’t leave. she told me that istayhere until she comes back.
a.canb.mustc.willd. may
keys: 1-5:acbbc6-10:cbcaa11-15: addcd
16-20bcbbd 21-25cdcbb 31-35 cccbcb
情态动词 第7篇
1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2 比较can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
they will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
he was able to flee europe before the war broke out.
= he managed to flee europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- could i have the television on?
--- yes, you can. / no, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
he couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
may god bless you!
he might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。
if that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
a. must b. may c. can d. will
答案b. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
my brother was very ill, so i had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
he said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
he had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止"，
you don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
you mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
you have worked hard all day.you must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
he must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
he must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
he must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
i didn't hear the phone. i must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---why didn't you answer my phone call?
---well, i must have been sleeping, so i didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用 can't。
if tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
i don't know where she is, she may be in wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
at this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
we would have finished this work by the end of next december.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
the road is wet. it must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。
--- linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---she must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
you ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
he ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
i dressed very warmly for the trip, but i needn't have done so. the weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
i would like to have read the article, but i was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。
---ought he to go?
---yes. i think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
it is pretty cold. you'd better put on my coat.
she'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。
you had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"宁愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
if i have a choice, i had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
i would rather stay here than go home. = i would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
---- shall we go skating or stay at home?
----which ___ do?
a. do you rather b. would you rather c. will you rather d. should you rather
答案b。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选b。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
would you like to go with me?
2）will you…? would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
would you like some cake?
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
need you…? yes, i must. no,i needn't
must you…? /don't have to.
典型例题
1）---could i borrow your dictionary?
---yes, of course, you____.
a. might b. will c. can d. should
答案c.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---shall i tell john about it?
---no, you ___. i've told him already.
a. needn't b. wouldn't c. mustn't d. shouldn't
答案a。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
a. i don't b. i won't c. i can't d. i haven't
答案b. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选b。
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：
do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
she didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
you ought not to have told her all about it.
ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do
等助动词协助。
典型例题
tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
a.have told b.tell c.be telling d. having told
答案a。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词： need （需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
need you go yet?
yes, i must. / no, i needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done
情态动词 第8篇
“情态动词+have done”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构，这种结构有两个主要的用法。
表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测或估计
maymight have done
表示“大概已经”
通常用于肯定句和否定句。
might有时可用于疑问句。
cancould have done
表示“可能已经”
通常用于疑问句和否定句。
could有时可用于肯定句。
must have done
表示“一定已经”
只用于肯定句，具有较大的可能性
should have done表示“该”,可能性较小
表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备
might have done
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句
could have done
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句。
should have done
表示“应该
可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
ought to have done
表示“应该”
同should have done。
needn't have done
表示“本没有必要”
只用于否定句。
a. may /might /have done
1.表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，常译为“可能已经”。
they might have taken a later train. 也许他们乘坐的是晚一点儿的火车。
he seems to know the city quite well. he may have been there before. 他似乎对那个城市很熟悉，他以前可能去过那儿。
2.表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”，含有轻微的责备口吻或遗憾。
you might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙。
the proposal might have been refused. 这个建议本该拒绝的。
b. cancould have done
1.表示对过去事实的推测，常用于否定句和疑问句。
he can't couldn't have watched tv yesterday for he knew they would have an exam. 昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知道快要考试了。
i don't know why she didn't call me yesterday. can (could) she have forgotten my telephone number 我不知道昨天她为什么没给我打电话，难道她会把我的电话号码忘了吗？
he didn't come to school yesterday. can he have been ill 他昨天没来学校，难道他生病了？
2.could可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾，可译成“本来是可以……的”。
why didn't sophie apply for the job she could have got it. 为什么索菲不申请这项工作？她本来是能得到的。
why did you stay at a hotel when you went to new york you could have stayed with barbara.你到纽约时为什么住宾馆？你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。
given more time, we could have done the work better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工作干得更好。
c. must have done
1.表示对过去事实有把握的推测，具有较大的可能性。只用于肯定句中，否定句和疑问句用cancould have done。
his watch must have stopped. 他的表肯定停了。
--- i rang your flat yesterday. a man answered but i didn't recognize the voice. 昨天我给你家打电话，一位男士接了电话，但我没听出来是谁的声音。
--- oh, it must have been my brother peter.哦，那一定是我哥哥彼得。
2.用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。
you must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier.如果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了。（事实上没有赶上公共汽车）
he must have won the game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛。.
d. needn't have done
用于对过去的责备，表示“没有必要做某事，可是做了”。
the airport is close to us. you needn't have hurried there early. 机场离这儿很近，你没必要早早地赶到那里。（可是你早早地到那儿了）
he is still young. you needn't have sent him such an expensive present. 他还小，你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。
注意：
如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意，需用didn't need to do。
it is not cold today. i didn't need to take the thick sweaters out. 今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。（实际上也没拿）
e. shouldought to have done
1.表示对过去动作的责备或批评。
you should have gone over your lessons. (in fact you didn't go over your lessons.) 你们应把功课复习好的。（可事实上你们没有。）
you shouldn't have watched tv last night. (in fact you watched tv last night.) 你们昨天晚上本不该看电视。（可你们看了。）
you oughtn't to have entered the teachers' office without permission. 没有经过允许，你们本不该进老师的办公室。
you oughtn't to have gone to the deserted place alone.你不该独自去那荒凉之地。
2.表示期待或推测。
if the flight was on time, you shouldought to have arrived in shanghai early this morning. 如果航班准点的话，你今早就能到上海了。
the building shouldought to have been completed by the end of the week. 这幢建筑物本周末前应该能完工。
f.would have done
表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。
i would have been happy to see him, but i didn't have time. 我会很高兴和他见面的，但我没时间见他。
if your father had still been alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父亲如果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。
情态动词 第9篇
英语词法专题讲座十：情态动词
一.情态动词的用法
1. can 用法
1）表示能力，与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。
two eyes can see more than one.
注：can you … ? yes, i can / no, i can’t.
2). 表示允许、请求
用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could i /you …..? 句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could.
could i borrow the book ? no, you can’t.
3). 表示推测 “可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。（can’t表示一定不是）
it can’t be true.
can it be true?
2. may 用法
1）表允许，请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。
注：may i ….? yes, you may. no, you can’t / mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如yes, please. / certainly.
2）表推测，可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
maybe he knows the news. =
he _____ _____ the news.
3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
we must do everything step by step.
注：must i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t (don’t have to ).
--must we hand in our exercise—books now?
--no, you needn’t. / no, you don’t have to.
2）mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。
you mustn’t talk to her like that.
3）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can.
he must be ill. he looks so pale.
she’s wearing a diamond necklace. she must have a lot of money.
注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。
there must be something wrong, ____ ____?
4. need的用法
need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1). 用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。
a). need i ….? yes, you must / no, you needn’t .
need we finish the work today ? yes you __?
a. need b. can c. may d. must
b). need + do sth . 变否定句：needn’t do sth
变疑问句：need sb do sth ?
2). 用作实义动词
a). need + to do sth . we need _______(buy) some school things .
变否定句：don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .
变疑问句：do / does /did sb + need to sth ?
yes , … do/ does / did no, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t.
you don’t need to do it yourself.
b). 当主语是物时。sth + need + doing sth = sth +need to be done .
the table needs painting. =the table needs _____ _____ _____ .
5. had better 的用法
1). had better + 动词原形 = it’s best to do sth.
you had better ______ (stay )at home. = _____ ______ ______ stay at home.
2). had better not +动词原形
we had better ________(not play ) the computer games.
6. must 与have to
1). 一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to
2). must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。
（内在原因）
have to “必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）
i can’t stop playing the computer games. for your health, i’m afraid you ______.
a. can b. may c. must d. had to
二.情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1. 情态动词后跟完成式，表“原本应该干某事，而实际上没干”
i should have finished the work earlier.
he isn’t here. he must have missed the train.
2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。
it’s twelve o’clock. they must be having lunch.
they may be discussing this problem.
he can’t be telling the truth.
she shouldn’t be working like that. she’s still so weak.
三.情态动词的同义转换.
1. can = be able to
2. must = have to
3. needn’t = don’t have to
4. need do sth = need to do sth .
情态动词 第10篇
XX年《高考风向标》•英语
目 录
第一部分 教材梳理
必修一
unit 1 friendship
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 2 english around the world
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 3 travel journal
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 4 earthquakes
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 5 nelson mandela—a modern hero
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
必修二
unit 1 cultural relics
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 2 the olympic games
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 3 computers
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 4 wildlife protection
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 5 music
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
必修三
unit 1 festivals around the world
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 2 healthy eating
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
unit 3 the million pound bank note
单元要点预览
语言要点
词语辨析
词性变化
重点单词
重点词组
重点句子
课文要点
课文词汇填空
课文大意概括
课文佳句背诵与仿写
单元自测
……
第二部分 语法专题
专题一 冠词
专题二 名词
专题三 代词
专题四 数词
专题五 形容词和副词
专题六 介词
专题七 情态动词
专题八 非谓语动词
专题九 动词和动词短语
专题十 动词的时态
专题十一 动词的语态
专题十二 句子种类
专题十三 名词性从句
专题十四 定语从句
专题十五 状语从句
专题十六 倒装句和省略句
专题十七 强调句
专题十八 虚拟语气
专题十九 主谓一致
专题二十 直接引语和间接引语
第三部分 高考题型讲练
听力
完形填空
语法填空
阅读理解
信息匹配
基础写作
读写任务
第二部分 语法专题
版权所有：
专题七 情态动词
i、重点难点解析
情态动词的高考命题导向：情态动词表示说话者的情感和态度，有一定的含义，但是不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词连用。注意区别具有相同功能的，意思相近的情态动词的用法。
一 情态动词基本用法一览表
情态动词用法例句注意事项
can
could1表许可(和may可互换)、能力
2表怀疑、猜测、可能性（用于否定和疑问句中）
3 could可表比can更委婉的语气及用于虚拟语气。1you can/may sit here./he can swim.
2 he can’t be sixty.
3 could you come again tomorrow?
can和be able to都可表能力，但be able to可表达“某事终于成功”，有更多的时态。
may
might1表可以（问句中表请求，might更婉转）
2表可能，或许（might语气更加不肯定）
3表祝愿（用于倒装句中）1 may/might i use your bike?
2 he may/might be at home.
3 may you succeed!1回答may…do…?的否定用 mustn’t/can’t
2回答may/might…
do…?的否定用 can’t/might not
must1表必须，应该（表主观要求）
2表推测（用于肯定句），译为“准是，一定”1 you must study hard.
2 she must be tired.否定式mustn’t表不准，禁止；否定回答用needn’t/don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)
have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）without help, i had to do it myself.must表主观意识。have to有多种时态。
ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldyou ought to obey laws.否定用oughtn’t 疑问句用ought…to do…?
shall1用于一三人称的疑问句，表征询意见
2用于二三人称, 表示许诺、命令、警告等1 shall we go now?
2 the sign there reads, “no person shall smoke here.”
should1表建议或劝告，译为“应该”
2本该（含有责备意味）1 you should learn from each other.
2 you should have given him help.
will
would1表意志或决心
2疑问句中用于第二人称表请求，would比较委婉1 he promised he would never smoke again.
2 will/would you like some tea?would表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在; used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯.
dare敢（常用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中）he dare not/daren’t sleep alone.
dare you touch it?过去式dared；可作实义动词
need需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）you needn’t do the work now.need…do…?的肯定回答：yes,…must. 可作实义动词
used to过去常常（现在已不再）he used to play football.否定式usedn’t/usen’t to do/didn’t use to do; 疑问used…to…do…?did…use to do…?
二 “情态动词+不定式进行式”和“情态动词+不定式完成式”用法一览表
句式说明例句
can +不定式进行式
can +不定式完成式表示“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句（could 也可能有此用法，只是语气更委婉）he can’t be telling lies.
他不可能在说谎。
he can’t have told lies.
他不可能说过谎话。
could+不定式完成式指过去没实现的动作，表“本来可以”it’s too late. you could have told him earlier.你本来能早点告诉他的。
may+不定式进行式
may+不定式完成式表示“可能，也许”，用于肯定句he may be doing homework.
他也许在做作业。
he may have missed the train.
他可能错过了火车。
must+不定式进行式肯定句表示“一定在干某事”
the light is on. he must be working.
灯亮着，他一定在工作。
must+不定式完成式用于肯定句，表示“准是干了某事”he is sad. he must have failed the exam.他准是考试不及格。
needn’t+不定式完成式“本来不必做”，只用于否定句you needn’t have lent the book to him. he bought it already.
你本来不必把这本书借给她，他已经买了一本。
should/ought to+不定式完成式肯定句表示“本应该做而实际没做”；
否定句表示“不应该做而实际却做了”i should have bought it.
我应该把它买下来的。
you shouldn’t have scolded him.
你不应该这样粗心大意。
ii、实战演练
填入情态动词的恰当形式或根据括号所提供的词填入情态动词恰当的结构。
1.i should have been there, but i ____________ find the time.
2.helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
3.tom, you ___________ not leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
4.you can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman _____________ be so rude to a lady.
5.it has been announced that candidates_____________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
6.---lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
---she ____________. i’ve already borrowed one.
7.john, look at the time. _______________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
8.---__________ this book be yours?
---no, it ____________ not be mine. it ___________ be his.
9.as a girl, she ____________ get up at six every day.
10.__________ he to clean the classroom after school?
11.you ____________ be tired after the long trip, aren’t you?
12.---what’s the name?
---khulaifi. __________ i spell that for you?
13.you _____________________ (see) the film, haven’t you?
14.you _____________________ (talk) on the phone at that time, for i couldn’t get through.
15.they _____________________ (miss) the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
16.______________ you pass the college entrance examinations!
17.he had known the matter before you told him, so you _____________________ (not tell) it to him.
18.i did not call to make any airline reservation but i ________________.
19.the light is out. they _______________________ (not work) now.
20.---my cat is really fat.
---you _____________________ (not give) her so much food.
答案：1. couldn’t2. may3. mustn’t4. should5. shall6. needn’t
7. must8. can; can’t; must 9. would 10. ought11. must12. shall 13.must have seen
14. must be talking 15. might/might have missed 16. may 17. needn’t have told
18. should have19. can’t be working20. shouldn’t have given
情态动词 第11篇
XX高考英语备考（考点聚焦+名题导解） 情态动词¯一、考点聚焦 1、 情态动词的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如： can you use chopsticks? the wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. ②can和could can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如： could you help me carry the bag? can i help you? (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-why isn’t he in class?教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！"> he may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)— he might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)②may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但m 教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！">ight也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。如：he says we may leave. he said we might leave. ③may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。 yes, you can / may. —may / might i use your bike? — no, you mustn’t （3）must ①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。如：you must do everything as i do.②must表示肯定的推测。如：the light is still on, so he must be at home.③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如：you mustn’t smoke in the office.（4）have tohave to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如：you will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.i have to be at my office every evening.（5）should / ought to①should和ought to表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：you should / ought to work hard.②should / ought to work hard.since she is not here, whe should / ought to be in the classroom.③should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：children shouldn’t smoke.④should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to可以表示劝告之意。如：you ought to respect your parents.h e suggested that they should leave at once.（6）will / would①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t + 动词。如：i will tell you all about it.tom won’t do such a thing.②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：will you please tell her the news when you see her?③will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如：fish wil l die out of water.④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：would you please be quiet?would you like coffee?⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作。如：when i passed my school i would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.（7）needneed 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：i need to think it over.—need you go now? —yes, i must./no, i needn’t （8）daredare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：how dare you say that?she doesn’t date(to)ask her father.（9）used toused to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：he used to smoke.（10 ）shall①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如：we shall do a s our teacher says.you shall have the book as soon as i finish it.②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：where shall he wait for us?shall we go out for a walk?2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：
情态动词
对现在和未来的推测
对过去的推测
使 用 场 合
mustmust + 动词原形must have done肯定句
may / mightmay / might + 动词原形may / might have done肯定句、否定句
can /couldcan / could docan / could have done否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）should用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/beshould have done肯定句、否定句、疑问句例如：it must have rained last night.she may not be at home. = it is possible that she is not at home.she can’t be at home. = it is impossible that she is at home.they should be there right now.3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：（1）should have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn’t have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如： you should have told me about it earlier. you shouldn’t have said such words to your parents. （2）ought to have done也表示“本应该……”而ought not to have done则意为“本不应该……”。如： you ought to have told me about it earlier. you ought not to have said such words to your parents. （3）needn’t have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如： you needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough. （4）could have done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如： i could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. ù二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1. i was really anxious about you. you________home without a word. a.mustn’t have b.shouldn’t have left c.couldn’t have left d.needn’t have 解析：答案为b。本题考查的是情 态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”，因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开 了。 2.—are you coming to jeff’s party? —i’m not sure. i __________ go to the concert instead. a.must b.would c.should d.might 解析：答案为d。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“i’m not sure”,表明我可能去jeff’s party，也可能去音乐会，故用might。 3. —will you stay for lunch? —sorry, ____________. my brother is coming to see me. a.i mustn’t b.i can’t c.i needn’t d.i won’t 解析：答案为b。本题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表示一种请求和意愿，是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗”，对于这种问句的肯定回答是：suree! gertainly! yes, of course. i’d be glad to 等；否定回答通常是：i’m sorry, i can’t. no, i’m afraid i can’t. i’m sorry, but … i’d like to, but …等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。 4.—isn’t that ann’s husband over there? —no, it be him i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. a. can’t b. must not c. won’t d. may not 解析：答案为a。本题考查情态动词表推测。问：那边的难道不是ann的丈夫吗？答：不是。不可能是他，我确信他不戴眼镜。 5.you be tired－you’ve only been working for an hour. a. must not b. won’t c. can’t d. may not 解析：答案为c。本题考查情态动词。句中破折号后的内容对前一句进行解释说明：你只工作了一个小时，所以你不可能累的。表否定推测时用can’t。a项表禁止（不许），b项表未来，d 项表不允许。均不可用，故选c。 6.i often see lights in that empty house. do you think i report it to the police？ a. should b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 解析：答案为a。本题考情态动词。在空房子里看到灯光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，故问：你是否认为我应当把这事儿报告给警察？应用a。
情态动词 第12篇
XX高考二轮复习英语考案: 情态动词和虚拟语气
【专题考案】
1. —that must be a mistake.
—no, it _____ a mistake.
a. must not be b. needn’t be c. cannot be d. would not be
2. —_____ i water the trees on tuesday?
—no, you needn’t.
a. can b. must c. may d. shall
3. he _____ not pay unless he is punished to pay.
a. shall b. will c. can d. would
4. i _____ such a mistake again.
a. shall never make b. may never make
c. can never do d. need never do
5. —_____ i turn on the radio?
—you’d better not. it is noisy enough in this room.
a. shall b. must c. need d. do
6. let’s go to the library this afternoon, _____?
a. shall we b. will we c. can we d. should we
7. where are my keys? i _____ lost them.
a. ought to b. should have c. will have d. must have
8. even if he has time, he _____ shopping in town on sunday.
a. won’t go b. will go c. won’t go to d. doesn’t go
9. he _____ finished earlier.
a. shall have b. ought to c. could have d. must have
10. in case i _____, i would try again.
a. will fail b. would miss c. should fail d. shall miss
11. since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
a. it must rain b. it must have rained
c. it must be rained d. it must have been rained
12. he asked me if he _____ open the window.
a. shall b. would c. will d. should
13. everyone _____ do his best to make the world safe and clean.
a. can b. may c. should d. had to
14. _____ to have lunch with us today?
a. do you like b. would you like c. will you like d. have you like
15. —will you lend me your book?
—yes, i _____.
a. will b. need c. can d. must
16. if i had time, _____ see that new movie at the capital theater.
a. i will b. i may c. i shall d. i would
17. the english of her composition is too good. she can’t _____ it herself.
a. have to write b. have written c. write d. be written
18. you _____ the look on his face when he won the lottery.
a. would have seen b. can be seeing c. must see d. may see
19. the light is out in her room; she _____ to bed.
a. must have gone b. had gone c. must be going d. must go
20. they _____ that far; but they stopped to have a snack on the way.
a. might be gone b. needed go c. could have gone d. ought have gone
21. he _____ to the farm yesterday.
a. need go b. needed go c. has to go d. had to go
22. he is so strong that i _____ fight against him.
a. dare not b. did dare not c. didn’t dare to d. dare not to
23. i couldn’t _____ cry while i was watching the movie “to live a. help to b. help c. help but to d. help but
24. they asked tom to give him a drink, but he _____.
a. hadn’t b. wasn’t c. wouldn’t d. could
25. as physics is hard enough, i _____ study it.
a. am not able b. couldn’t c. am not able to d. cannot
26. you _____ to the meeting this morning if you have something important to doa. needn’t to come b. don’t need come
c. don’t need coming d. needn’t come
27. _____ you fetch me some hot water?
a. can b. may c. must d. might
28. you _____ get down the bus until the bus has stopped.
a. can’t b. needn’t c. mustn’t d. don’t
29. —would you come and join us?
—i wish i _____. i am busy at the moment.
a. can b. could c. would d. should
30. you _____ right, but i don’t think you are.
a. may be b. could be c. would be d. should be
31. she looks so sad. she _____ ill.
a. can be b. should be c. must be d. will be
32. he _____ away. we don’t see him anywhere around.
a. may go b. must go c. can go d. must have gone
33. he is much richer than what he _____.
a. would be b. must be c. used to be d. could be
34. the little kid _____ not touch the dog.
a. need b. dare c. ought d. could
35. i want to go to the hospital, but you _____ with me.
a. need to not to go b. do not need go c. need not go d. need go not
36. when he was old, mr smith _____ sit for hours without saying anything.
a. would b. should c. must d. will
37. mary _____ be in london because i saw her in town just now.
a. mustn’t b. isn’t able toc. may not d. cannot
38. the door is still closed. he _____ the key.
a. must have lost b. must lose c. need have lost d. can lost
39. the bus had left, so we _____ walk home.
a. have to b. ought c. had to d. must
40. you _____ see her, but i must.
a. haven’t b. cannot c. mustn’t d. needn’t
41. “ _____ you play baseball?” “ no, i _______”.
a. can; may b. can’t; can’t c. may; can’t d. can; can
42. “ ______ i hand in the paper this week?” “ no, you ______. you _____ hand it in next week.
a. must; needn’t; may b. will; mustn’t; ought to
c. shall; can’t; have to d. should; didn’t have to; can
43.there were already 4 people in the car but they managed to take john as well. it ______ a comfortable journey.
a. can’t be b. wouldn’t be
c. mustn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
44. it’s nearly eight o’clock. they ______ be here at any moment.
a. must b. can c. should d. need
45.“ ______ i take the magazine out of the reading room?” “ sorry, you _____.”
a. may; mustn’t b. must; can’t
c. will; didn’t have to c. can; aren’t able to
46. the boss say to the secretary, “ if you work well, you _____ have a rise.”
a. shall b. would c. must d. ought
47. let’s sing a song, ______ we?
a. will b. can’t c. shall d. do
48. “______ you go so soon?” “ no, i ______ go yet.”
a must; mustn’t b. shall; won’t c. can; may not d. must; needn’t
49. the book i borrowed from the library isn’t here. who __________?
a. could have taken it b. must have taken it
c. might take it d. should take it.
50. “ they went to the lecture, but it had been put off.” “ oh, so they _______.”
a. needn’t have gone b. should have gone
c. mustn’t have gone d. don’t need to go
51. “________ i have a glass of beer?” “ no, i’m afraid you ________.”
a. can’t; can’t b. could; won’t c. may; daren’t d. shall; may
52. “ isn’t that tom playing basketball?” “ it ______ be; he fell off the ladder yesterday and got badly hurt.”
a. mustn’t b. would rather not c. couldn’t d. wouldn’t
53. “ need he go?” “ yes, he ______.”
a. need b. can c. may d. must
54. tell me how you work out the answer, _______ you?
a. can b. will c. don’t d. shan’t
55. you promised your friend a letter; you ought to ______ days ago.
a. write b. be writing c. have written d. be written
56. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
57. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for 58. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
59. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
60. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
61. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should be d. to; being
62. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
63. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
64. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
65. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
66. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
67. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
68. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
69. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
70. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
71. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught
c. could have caught d. were to catch
72. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
a.have b.will c. do d. had
73. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
74. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
75. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
76. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
77. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
78. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
79. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
80. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
81. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
82. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for
83. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
84. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
85. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
86. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should bed. to; being
87. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
88. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
89. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
90. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
91. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
92. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
93. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
94. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
95. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
96. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught c. could have caught d. were to catch
97. --- “have you ever been to beijing?”
--- “no, but i wish i _____”
a.have b.will c. do d. had
98. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail
c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
99. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
100. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
101. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
102. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
103. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished
c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
104. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here
c. i had been here d. i would have been here
105. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
参考答案：1—5 cbbaa 6—10 adacc 11—15 bdcba 16—20 dbaac 21—25 dadcc 26—30 dacba 31—35 cdcbc 36—40 adacd 41-45 badca46-50 acdaa 51-55 acdbc 56-60. caabb 61-65. bcbcb 66-70.caabdb 71—75.cdcca 76-80.adcdc 81-85. caabb 86-90. bcbcb 91-95. caabdb 96—100. cdcca 101-105. adcdc
情态动词 第13篇
（原创精品）XX年普通高考英语科语法知识网络
专题08 情态动词和虚拟语气i.情态动词基本用法
情态动词
用 法
否定式
疑问式
简答式
can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）can not / cannot /can’t docan…do…?yes,…can.no,…can’t.
couldcouldn’t do
may可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do may…do…?
yes,…may. no,…mustn’t/can’t.
mightmight not domight…do…?yes,…mightno,…might not.
must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustn’t domust…do…? to.yes,…must.no,…needn’t/don’t have
have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）don’t have to dodo…have to do…?yes,…do. no,…don’t.
ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）ought not to/oughtn’t to doought…to do…?yes,…ought. no,…oughtn’t.
shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shan’t doshall…do…?yes,…shall. no,…shan’t.
should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldn’t doshould…do…?
will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/won’t dowill/would…do…?yes,…will. no,…won’t.
wouldwould not/wouldn’t do
dare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/daren’t dodare…do…?yes,…dare.no,…daren’t.
need需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）need not/needn’t doneed…do…?yes,…must. no,…needn’t.
used to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doused…to do…?did…use to do…?yes,…used. no,…use(d)n’t. yes,…did. no,…didn’t.ii.情态动词的重点知识表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/coulda computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.a.can’t b.mustn’t c.may not d.might not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。①—could i call you by your first name? —yes, you______a.will b.could c.may d.might②johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.a.won’t/can’t b.mustn’t/may c.shouldn’t/must d.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。the fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get out.a.had to b.would c.could d.was able to表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.a.must b.may c.can d.will而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：mary is in poor health. she can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.a.needn’t b.can’t c.should d.may在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。he may be very busy now. can he be very busy now?he must be very busy now. can he be very busy now?
needneed作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。
daredare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。if he dare come,i will kick him out. i don’t know whether hedare say.注意:he doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句）shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。what shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。you shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告he shall have the book when i finish reading.允诺he shall be punished.威胁
should劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。you should(ought to) go to class right away. i should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.
will/would请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。i will never do that again. they asked us if we would do that againwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。during the vacation he would visit me every weekthe wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。it would be about ten when he left home. what would she be doing there?情态动词+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。you could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.cannot+ have done：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。he cannot have been to that town.can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。he may not have finished the work.if we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done。you must have seen the film.you cannot have seen the film.needn’t+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。you needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didn’t need to(have to)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做i didn’t need to clean the windows.my sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。you should have started earlier, but you didn’t.she shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for i worked to use it.注意：he should have finished the work by now.（表推测）
虚拟语气
类 别
用 法
例 句
if引导的
条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+doif he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+done主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+doneif i had been free,i would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
省略if的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装①should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②were i you,i would not do it.③had i been free,i would have visited you.
混合虚拟条件句
不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则①if he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.②if he had told me yesterday,i should know what to do now.③if i were you, i would have gone to her birthday party.
虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则①he could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough. ②you should have come earlier.the bus left a moment ago.
含蓄虚拟
条件句
but for+名词表示虚拟条件句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。---but for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.---you know we’re friends.a. would get b. must have got c. would have got d. can’t have got
without+名词表示虚拟条件without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.
动词不定式表示虚拟条件it would be only partly right to follow in this way.
如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。
现在分词表示虚拟条件having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。
过去分词表示虚拟条件given more attention, the tree could have grown better.
如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。
副词otherwise表示虚拟条件i was too busy at that time.otherwise,i would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。
连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件he _____fatter but he eats too little .a. would become b. would have become c. must become d. must have become
其它
状语从句as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would/could/might＋do。注意：as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：it sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。
he talks as if he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。①与现在事实相反he talks as if he knew where she was.②与过去事实相反he talks about rome as if he had been there before.③与将来事实相反he opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doturn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
宾语从句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+dohe suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反i wish i could be a pop singer.i wish i would have gone to shanghai last month.
主语从句在it is necessary / important / strange that…it is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用should+doit is strange that such a person should be our friends.
其它
句型中it is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+doit’s high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式i would rather you stayed at home now.if only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望if only our dream had come true!
情态动词 第14篇
情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。
一、 情态动词的特征和形式
a. 情态动词的各种形式见下表：
情态动词
may
might
can
could
must
have to
ought to
will
would
shall
should
need
dare
used to
否定式
may not
might not
cannotcan not
could not
must not
do not have to
ought not to
will not
would not
shall not
should not
need not
dare not
used not to
did not use to
简略否定式
mayn't（老式英语，现在不常见）
mightn't
can't
couldn't
mustn't
don't have to
oughtn't to （否定句中to可省略）
won't
wouldn't
shan't （只用于英国英语）
shouldn't
needn't
daren't
usedn't to
didn't use to
b.情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。
1.情态动词+do
you shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。
jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.
杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。
difficulties can and must be overcome.
困难能够而且必须克服。
2.情态动词+be doing
she must be listening to pop music.
她肯定在听流行音乐。
you should be reviewing your lessons.
你应该在复习功课。
my mother maymight be cooking now.
我妈妈可能正在做饭。
3.情态动词+have done
they might have visited the great wall.
他们可能参观过长城了。
he must have got up very early to catch the train.
他一定起得很早去赶火车了。
you ought to have come earlier.
你本该早一点儿来。
4.情态动词+be done
this word can also be used as a verb.
这个词也可以用作动词。
something must be done to stop pollution.
必须采取措施来制止污染。
the work ought to have been finished long ago.
这工作早就该完成了。
c. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。
you ought to wear a raincoat.
你应该穿件雨衣。
she ought to wear a raincoat.
她应该穿件雨衣。
plants must have oxygen in order to live.
为了存活植物必须有氧气。
a plant must have oxygen in order to live.
为了存活植物必须有氧气。
d. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。
i'm afraid it might rain tonight.
我看今晚可能要下雨。
could i borrow your thermos
我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗？
it's a nice day today. we could go for a walk.
今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。
e. 情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。
【误】soldiers must have to obey orders.
【正】soldiers have to obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。
【正】soldiers must obey orders.
军人必须服从命令。
【误】can i be able to borrow two books at a time
【正】can i borrow two books at a time
我能一次借两本书吗？
【正】will i be able to borrow two books at a time
我能一次借两本书吗？
情态动词 第15篇
d. will和would
1.will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比 will委婉客气。
will you have some tea
你喝点茶，好吗？
will you share your happiness with us
你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？
would you pass this book to the student in the last row
请你把这本书传给最后一排的学生好吗？
必背：
willwould you ... 表示请求和建议的答复。
肯定回答
yes, please. 是的，请。
certainly. 当然可以。
sure. 当然了。
all right. 好啊！
否定回答
i'm sorry. i can't. 对不起，不行。
no, thank you. 不，不行。
no, i won't. 不，不行。
2.will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。
i will do anything for you.
我愿为你做任何事。
i will never tell you the secret.
我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。
none is so blind as those who won't see.
不愿看的人眼睛最瞎。
they would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。
3.will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。
he will surf the internet every night.
他每天晚上都在上网。
the boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过。
he would be nervous when he met strangers.
遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。
in class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him.
课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他。
4.will可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用'll的简略形式。用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向。
i will take the job, and no one can stop me.
我就要这个工作，没有人可阻止我。
he won't do what he's told.
他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。
the window won't open.
窗子打不开。
this glass will not crack under heavy pressure.
这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。
5.will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。
if you will read the book, i'll lend it to you.
如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。
if you will give up smoking, your health will improve.
如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。
6.will和would可表示推论或猜测。
the patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. he will be asleep now.
病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。
it would be about ten when he left home.
他大约在十点钟离开的家。
i thought he would have told you about it.
我认为他已告知你此事。
it would be raining when she went home.
她回家时可能正在下雨。
比较：
would you like ...表示邀请
do you like ...表示习惯
——do you like going go the cinema
你喜欢看电影吗？
——yes,i go to the cinema a lot.
是的，我经常去看电影。
——would you like to go to the cinema tonight
今天晚上去看电影好吗？
——yes,i'd love to.
非常乐意。
e.shall和should
1.shall
①表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。
shall i carry it for you
我来帮你搬它，好吗？
shall we sing a song
我们唱一支歌，好吗？
shall they wait outside
让他们在外面等吗？
shall the waiter bring meals to your room
要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？
提示：
shall i open the window
我打开窗子好吗？
will you open the window
你打开窗子好吗？
shall he open the window
他打开窗子好吗？
②表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。
you shall do as i say.
按我说的做。（命令）
he shall be sorry for it one day, i tell you.
我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警告）
you shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.
如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。
nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心）
he shall have the book when i finish reading.
我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）
i shall do my homework after reading this story book.
读完这本故事书后我就做作业。
2.should
①表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
children should obey their parents.
儿童应该服从他们的父母。
one shouldn't be selfish.
人千万别自私。
customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they
没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？
②常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。
how should i know
我怎么会知道呢
why should i fear
我为什么会害怕？
what should she do but cry for help
除了呼救外，她还能干什么？
i don't know why you should think i did it.
我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
③表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。
it should be fine tomorrow.
明天可能天是晴天。
he should be taking a bath now.
他可能在洗澡。
it's nearly seven o'clock. jack should be here at any moment.
已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。
the film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
④表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。
the boys shouldn't be playing football. they should be at school.
这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。
you shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission.
没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。
f.ought to
1.表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。
we ought to defend our country.
我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽的义务）
you ought to respect your parents.
你应当尊敬你的父母。
oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution
难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？
2.表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。
prices ought to come down soon.
价格可能会很快下跌。
han mei ought to know his telephone number.
韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
there's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
3.ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。
you ought to be washing your clothes. why are you playing ping-pong
你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球？
you ought to have handed in the exercise last week.
你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思。）
he ought to have asked me before he took my bike.
他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。
4.ought to 与should的比较。
ought to 和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“应该”， 是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。
you are her mother. you ought to look after her.
你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。（是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。）
we should encourage him for we are his classmates.
我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！
提示：
表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用had better或be supposed to 来代替should和ought to。
if you are not well, you had better ask alice to go instead.
如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。
i'm supposed to be there at 8 o'clock.
我应该八点到那里。
g.used to
1.used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。
he used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。（强调现在不喝茶了）
i know where there used to be a river here.
我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。（现在没有河了）
when i was a child i didn't use to like tomatoes.
我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。
he is not what he used to be.
他已不是原来的他了。
where did you use to live before you came here
来此之前你住在什么地方？
2.would 和used to的用法区别。
①used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。
when he was young, he would smoke a lot.
他年轻时总是吸许多烟。（不含有和现在比较，现在他也许还在抽，也许不抽了。）
he used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
kate used to be very thin.
以前凯特非常瘦。
there used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。（不用would）
③used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态，而would表示过去的习惯动作时，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
【误】we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
【正】we used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。
【正】whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
每当我们在乡下，我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。
情态动词 第16篇
情态动词
专题：情态动词
（一）情态动词的定义
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。
（二）情态动词的特点
1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。
（三）情态动词的分类和意义
意义
情态动词
（四）情态动词的基本用法
1. can (could)
1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。
two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？
2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
the temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。
he can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
you mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. you could start a fire.
在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。
3）表示允许。
can i have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
he asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？
he can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。
how can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？
5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
can (could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
i’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
2. may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
you may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
he told me that i might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。
may (might) i ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如yes, please. / certainly.
/ please don’t ./ you’d better not. / no, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。
2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
he may be at home. 他可能在家。
she may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
he was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
they might be having a meeting, but i’m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。
3. must
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
we must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
you mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
--must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
--no, you needn’t. / no, you don’t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn’t）
2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。
he must be ill. he looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
she’s wearing a diamond necklace. she must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
4. shall
1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
shall i get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？
what shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
you shall do as i say. 按我说的做。（命令）
you shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）
he shall be sorry for it one day, i tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）
nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）
5. will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
i will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
none is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
if you will read the book, i’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。
2）表请求，用于疑问句。
will you close the window? it’s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？
3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。
the door won’t open. 这门打不开。
the boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。
6. should
1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
you should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
you shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。
2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
the film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.
这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
they should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。
7.would
1）表意愿。
they would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。
i said i would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。
2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
they wouldn’t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。
3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
8. ought to
1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
you are his father. you ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。
you oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。
2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。
han mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
there’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。
9. used to
表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
he used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
there used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。
i usedn’t (didn’t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。
used you (did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？
（一）need和dare的用法
need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。
1.用作情态动词
--need i come? --yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。
you needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。
i don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。
she dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
how dare you say i’m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？
not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。
2.用作实义动词
you don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
we need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
the table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
we should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
he did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
i dare day he’ll come again. 我想他会再来的。
（i dare say…为固定习语）
（二）情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式，表“应当已经……”，“想必已经……”，“本来可以……”等意。
i should have finished the work earlier. 我应当早一点完成这项工作的。
he isn’t here. he must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。
where can (could) he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？
you may (might) have read about it. 你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。
you could (might) have been more careful. 你本来可以更细心的。
he needn’t have worried about it. 他本不必为此事担心。
there was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. you ought to have come, but why didn't you?
昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？
2. 情态动词后跟进行式，表示“想必正在……”，“可能正在……”，“应当正在”等意。
it’s twelve o’clock. they must be having lunch. 现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。
they may be discussing this problem. 他们可能正在论讨这个问题。
he can’t be telling the truth. 他说的不可能是真话。
she shouldn’t be working like that. she’s still so weak. 她不应当那样干，她身体仍那么虚。
（三）几组词的辨异
1. can 和be able to
1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。
mary can play the piano. she has been able to play it since she was 5.
玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。
he couldm across the english channel. but he didn't feel like it that day.
他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。
yesterday i was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
2. must和 have to
must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。
i told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。
we had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。
3. would和used to
1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。
people used to think that the earth was flat.
过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）
she would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。）
2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。
he used to ∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。
she used to be fat. 她过去很胖。
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